从“制度红利”到“制度陷阱”——嘉庆十四年的漕务改革与制度困境

From Institution Bonus to Institution Trap—— Innovation of the Grain Tribute System and System Dilemma in 1809

嘉庆初政,统治者想通过"咸与维新",试图整顿当时严峻的漕运,然这一期望随着嘉庆十四年(1809)各省漕弊的大量揭露而破产。面对日益严重的漕运困境,嘉庆帝再一次掀起了一场全国性的治漕运动。然而因为制度的路径依赖、帝王品行等因素,中国古代社会的统治者根本无法跳出旧制度的束缚。此外,因为没有培育出一种认同制度、敬畏制度的文化生态,让制度和人形成良性互动,这也是其中的一个重要原因。

Taking the reformation of the grain tribute system in the 14 th year of Jiaqing Dynasty for example,the paper proposes a unique thought. The author believes that the Jiaqing Emperor did not find the preventive measures,management,service regulations,and finally had to pin hope on the officials. With Upholding the principle of 'only rule by man without law',the Jiaqing emperor could not jump out of the old system manacle,only struggling in the system dilemma.