论西方绿色思潮的生态文明观

On the Views of Ecological Civilization in the Western Green Trends of Thought

西方绿色思潮中的"深绿"思潮的生态文明理论,是以生态中心主义价值观为基础,排斥经济增长和技术进步,把生态文明理解为人类实践未涉足的"荒野";"浅绿"思潮的生态文明理论是以现代人类中心主义价值观为基础,以技术进步和自然资源市场化为手段,追求资本主义经济的可持续发展;"红绿"思潮中的有机马克思主义基于怀特海与马克思主义的结合,把人类文明看作是对自然的疏离,进而把生态文明理解为排斥技术使用的农庄经济;生态学马克思主义是以历史唯物主义为基础,坚持制度维度、哲学价值观维度和政治维度三者辩证统一的生态文明理论。他们对生态文明本质的分歧的实质,反映的是现代主义与后现代主义、自由主义与马克思主义、西方中心主义与非西方中心主义的区别。

The Western green trends of thought include the ＂dark-green＂, ＂light-green＂, and ＂ red-green＂ ones. Based on the ecological centralist values, the theory of ecological civilization for the ＂dark-green＂ trend of thought rejects economic growth and technological progress, and regards ecological civilization as ＂wilderness＂ untouched by human practice. Based on the modern ecological centralist values, the theory of ecological civilization for the ＂light-green＂ trend of thought takes technological progress and marketization of natural resources as a means, and pursues sustainable development of capitalist economy. Based on the combination of Whitehead/s philosophy and Marxism, the organic Marxism in the ＂red -green＂ trend of thought regards human civilization as the alienation from nature, and so takes ecological civilization as a kind of farm economy which rejects the use of technology. Based on historical materialism, ecological Marxism as a theory of ecological civilization adheres to the dialectical unification of the dimensions of institution, philosophical values and politics. Their different ways of understanding the nature of ecological civilization essentially reflects the differences between modernism and post-modernism, liberalism and Marxism, and Western centralism and non-Western centralism.