从梅里走向浙西——浙西词派的形成与词坛转型

From Meili to West Zhejiang: The Formation of West Zhejiang School of Ci-poetry and the Transformation of the Ci-poetic Arena

以王翃、朱彝尊为代表的两代梅里词人始以彼此影响却"人各一家"的群体面世,在词学取径与创作风格上转益多师,众体兼备,与之宗尚不一的柳州诸子、云间诸子等连镳竞逐,共同引领词坛中兴。至康熙十七年《词综》成书,标志以朱彝尊为首的第二代梅里词人已融汇浙西群彦,从先前的多元格局走向单一化之路,专尚宋季以姜夔为宗主的"浙词",倡导"醇雅",形成浙西词派;同年复出的《乐府补题》,为浙西词派倡导"醇雅"主张,也为其他词人抒发合乎时代发展的心绪提供最理想的范本,朱彝尊携之入京,展开规模不小的拟和,是浙西词派倡导"醇雅"的一次重大实践活动。因其顺应时代精神与词体演变的需求,故得到众多非浙西词人的响应,最终导致词坛转型。

The two generations of Meili （梅里） Ci-poets, respectively represented by Wang Hong （王翊） and Zhu Yizun （朱彝尊） , made their appearance with each generation carrying its ＂unique hallmark＂, but they nonetheless exercised a tremendous mutual influence. Drawing on various sources of poetics and incorporating writing styles of diverse nature, they rivaled such schools of Ci-poetry as represented by the Liuzhou School of Ci-poetry （ 柳州词派 ） and the Yunjian School of Ci-poetry （ 云间词派）, thus guiding together the trends of Ci-poem writing, which underwent a remarkable revival at that time. The publication of A Comprehensive Collection of Ci-Poems （《词综》） written by Zhu Yizun in the seventeenth year during the reign of Emperor Kangxi （康熙）, marked the integration of the second generation of Meili Ci-poets, headed by Zhu Yizun, into the West Zhejiang （浙西） School of Ci-poetry, which was indicative of a transition from a previous emphasis on diversity to a single-minded pursuit of ＂mellow elegance＂ （醇雅） as advocated by Jiang Kui （姜夔） who was revered as the founding father of ＂Zhejiang Ci-poetry （浙词）＂. In other words, the West Zhejiang School of Ci-poetry formally came into being. The same year saw the reprinting of A Supplementary Collection of Yuefu Folk Songs and Ballads （《乐府补题》）, which not only advocated the principle of ＂ mellow elegance＂ , but also provided a most ideal paradigm so as to help other Ci-poets give expression to their sentiments in line with the times. Zhu Yizun took a copy of A Supplementary Collection of Folk Songs and Ballads with him when he went to the capital of the state, hence making a tremendous impact by promoting large-scale writing and recital experiments, which should be regarded as an important case of practice embodying the principle of ＂mellow elegance＂ as advocated by the West Zhejiang School of Ci-poetry. These activities, due to their capture of the pulse of the times and their adaptation to the needs of the evolution of Ci-poem writing, drew favorable responses from many Ci-poets outside the West Zhejiang School of Ci- poetry and eventually led to a successful transition of the Ci-poetic arena.