中国进口铝土矿综论

Summary and study of the imported bauxite in China

回顾中国铝工业使用进口铝土矿的起因和发展，迄今已经达到每年4000～5000万吨的巨大规模，进口国家、地区形成多元化格局。关于各种类型铝土矿的特征和来源、出口方的各类诉求、矿石价格的相关因素等，文中都有涉及。进口矿主要是三水铝石，其工艺溶出特性与国内的一水硬铝石有很大区别，不能简单地用一般的铝硅比去评价。本文基于溶出过程原理，重点分析了进口铝土矿的矿石单耗、碱消耗，明确了它们在氧化铝生产成本中占有的显著地位。基于这样的方法途径去认识进口铝土矿，才能确保经营效益的提升。

The initiation and development of imported bauxite in China are reviewed and this business has reached a huge amount of 40 ~ 50 million tons annually. The countries and regions of supplement have turned to be multiple. It is concerned on the issues of the characteristics of different bauxite and the resources, the requirement from seller sides, factors to bauxite cost, etc. The imported bauxite is main gibbsite, digesting characteristics of the gibbsite are different from the diaspore in China, so it is not simply evaluated by general alumina to silica ratio. In this paper, the bauxite and caustic soda con- sumption are analyzed in detail based on the principles of digestion process, and their important share in the production cost of alumina is emphasized. It is concluded that only through such methodology and understanding the operation profit could be raised.