新HSK词表与TOCFL词表中的文化词汇比较研究

A comparative study of the culture-specific words in the new HSK word-list and TOCFL word-list

在华语作为第二语言的教学中,文化教育不可忽视。本研究通过整理新HSK词表与TOCFL词表的中华文化词汇,考察其在各等级中的分布状况及异同。通过数据分析,发现两词表中的文化词汇比重较低,尤其是语用文化极少涉及。此外,两词表中所呈现的不同文化词汇较为真实地反映了各自社会面貌,且随着等级提升,文化词汇由表层的、具体的变为深层的、抽象的,符合学生学习规律。对于词表中文化词汇的考察有助于教师掌握各阶段文化教学设计。此外,也可为制定专门针对汉语学习者的文化词汇词典提供依据。

In the process of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language（TCSL）, cultural education plays a key role. This paper sorts out the words of Chinese culture in the new HSK word-list and TOCFI. word-list, and analyzes their distributions at different levels as well as their similarities and differences. The comparative study reveals that their culture-specific words occupy a relatively low proportion and there are few culture-specific words with a pragmatic function. These two word-lists reflect some aspects of the two different societies and with the change in the hierarchical order, there is a shift of the surface meaning to the underlying meaning as well as that of the concrete to the abstract, which follows the students＇ learning rule. This study can help the teachers have a good plan for a step-by-step cultural education and shed some light on the compilation of culture-loaded glossaries for TCSL.