胶州湾盐沼不同植物群落下土壤磷的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus under Different Vegetation Communities in Salt Marshes of Jiaozhou Bay

于2014年10月4日、12日、18日和25日,在大沽河口湿地和洋河入湾口的红石崖湿地设置6个采样区,对其土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,胶州湾光滩土壤全磷和速效磷含量最高;在植物盖度为100%的芦苇（Phragmits australis）盐沼,土壤全磷含量最低;互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）盐沼土壤全磷含量最高;碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）盐沼土壤速效磷含量最高。胶州湾盐沼土壤全磷含量在0-20 cm深度最高,之后,其随着土壤深度增加而降低,不同植物群落下,土壤速效磷含量的变化一致,表层土壤含量高,随土壤深度增加逐渐降低。土壤全磷含量与有机碳含量和含水量显著正相关（n=108,p〈0.05）,与速效磷含量显著正相关（n=108,p〈0.01）,这也说明土壤全磷含量能够较好地指示土壤速效磷的水平。盐沼土壤碳磷比和氮磷比与全磷含量和速效磷含量显著负相关（n=108,p〈0.01）,碳磷比和氮磷比分别为23.60-127.22和1.24-11.91。

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of phosphorus under different salt marsh vegetation communities of salt marshes in Jiaozhou Bay, six sampling areas were selected in the wetlands of Dagu estuary and Red Cliffs wetlands of Yang River estuary into the bay. The contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus were measured and analyzed on 4th October, 12 th October, 18 th October and 25 th October,2014. The results showed that, the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in bare beach were the highest. The contents of total phosphorus in the soils of Phragmits australis salt marshes were the lowest;however the contents of total phosphorus of soils in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes were the highest, about0.76g/kg. The contents of available phosphorus of soils in Suaeda glauca salt marshes were the highest. The contents of total phosphorus in soils of 0-20 cm depth of the Jiaozhou Bay reached a peak, then decreased gradually with increasing soil depth. The change trend of the available phosphorus contents were also high in the surface and decreased gradually with increasing depth. There was significant correlation among the total phosphorus contents, organic carbon contents and water contents（n=108, p〈0.05）. The relationship between contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus was significant（n=108, p〈0.01）, which showed that total phosphorus could indicate the level of available phosphorus better. There was a significant correlations between total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, carbon-phosphorus ratio and nitrogrn-phosphorus ratio（n=108, p〈0.01）. The carbon-phosphorus ratios and nitrogrn-phosphorus ratios were respectively20.40-161.66 and 1.24 to 11.91.