饲粮叶酸添加水平对山麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、生殖器官及血浆生殖激素指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Supplemental Level on Laying Performance,Egg Quality,Reproductive Organ and Plasma Reproductive Hormone Indices of Shanma Laying Ducks

本试验旨在研究饲粮叶酸（FA）添加水平对山麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、生殖器官及血浆生殖激素指标的影响,以确定产蛋期（18～32周龄）山麻鸭FA的需要量。试验选用16周龄的山麻鸭360只,随机分成6个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复12只,单笼饲养。试验蛋鸭饲喂不添加FA的基础饲粮2周后,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 mg/kg FA的试验饲粮,试验期15周。结果表明：1）饲粮FA添加水平对产蛋初期、产蛋高峰期和试验全期的蛋鸭产蛋性能指标无显著影响（P〉0.05）。2）随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,蛋壳相对重和蛋壳厚度先升高后下降,1.0 mg/kg FA添加组的蛋壳相对重显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）。3）随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,优势卵泡重、优势卵泡重/卵巢重先升高后降低,饲粮FA添加水平对优势卵泡重和优势卵泡重/卵巢重有显著影响（P〈0.05）,以4.0mg/kg FA添加组最高。4）随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,血浆孕酮浓度先升高后下降,其中2.0 mg/kg FA添加组血浆孕酮浓度最高;8.0 mg/kg FA添加组血浆促黄体生成素浓度显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。由此可见,在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加FA在一定程度上有利于促进优势卵泡的发育,但未能显著影响山麻鸭的产蛋性能。仅考虑产蛋性能,玉米-豆粕型饲粮中不需添加FA;以蛋壳相对重和蛋壳厚度为评价指标,建议玉米-豆粕型饲粮FA适宜添加水平为1.0 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary folic acid（ FA） supplemental level on laying performance,egg quality,reproductive organ and plasma reproductive hormone indices of shanma laying ducks,and to estimate dietary FA requirement for Shanma laying ducks in laying period from 18 to 32 weeks of age. A total of 360 Shanma laying ducks at 16 weeks of age were randomly allotted to 5 groups,each with 5 replicates of 12 birds. All birds were offered a basal diet without FA supplementation for 2 weeks. Then birds were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg FA,respectively. The experiment lasted for 15 weeks. The results show ed as follow s： 1） in the early laying period,peak laying period and the whole experimental period,dietary FA supplemental level had no significant effect on laying performance indices of laying ducks（ P〉0. 05）. 2） Eggshell relative weight and thickness were firstly increased and then decreased with dietary FA supplemental level increasing,and the eggshell relative weight of1.0 mg/kg FA group was significantly higher than that of other groups（ P〈0. 05）. 3） Large yellow follicle（ LYF） weight and LYF weight/ovarian weight were firstly increased and then decreased with dietary FA supplemental level increasing,and the maximal value was at the level of 4.0 mg/kg（ P〈0. 05）. 4） Plasma concentration of progesterone was firstly increased and then decreased with dietary FA supplemental level increasing,and the maximal value was at the level of 2. 0 mg/kg（ P〈0. 05）. Luteinizing hormone concentration of8.0 mg/kg FA group was significantly higher than that of other groups（ P〈0.05）. In conclusion,FA supplementation in corn-soybean meal basal diet is beneficial to improving the development of LYF,but do not affect laying performance of Shanma laying ducks. Only considering laying performance of Shanma laying ducks,it is not necessary to supplement with FA in corn-soybean meal basal diet,but based on eggshell relative weight and thickness,the optimal FA supplementation for Shanma laying ducks in laying period from 18 to 32 weeks of age is 1.0 mg/kg.