不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分含量分析比较

Comparative Analysis: Nutritional Component Contents in Cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis at Different Growth Stages

通过探究不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳的营养成分及矿物元素含量变化,为其开发利用提供理论依据。采用国家标准方法对不同生长时期（60、90、120、150日龄）虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分（水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸）及矿物元素[5种常量元素——钠（Na）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、钙（Ca）和8种微量元素——铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）、锰（Mn）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）、锶（Sr）]的含量进行测定。结果表明：不同生长时期时,粗灰分均是虎斑乌贼内壳的主要成分,含量为89.98%～92.06%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P〈0.05）;粗蛋白质的含量为2.82%～3.11%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于60日龄时（P〈0.05）;水分含量为3.93%～6.21%,其含量随着生长不断降低,表现为60日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P〈0.05）;相对于其他营养成分,虎斑乌贼内壳中粗脂肪、多糖含量较少,分别为0.41%～0.47%、0.34%～0.38%。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出17种氨基酸,其中7种必需氨基酸（EAA）。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中总氨基酸（TAA）、EAA和酸性氨基酸（AAA）含量分别为2.79%～2.93%、0.87%～0.98%和0.69%～0.87%,其中AAA含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时（P〈0.05）。各生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳中均以谷氨酸（Glu）含量（0.31%～0.43%）最高,组氨酸（His）含量（0.03%～0.07%）最低。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出7种脂肪酸,包括3种饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、1种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和3种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）;在脂肪酸组分中以C22∶6n-3、C16∶0和C18∶0为主,其中C22∶6n-3含量（35.68%～37.62%）最高。生长时期对常量元素Na、Mg、Al和Ca及微量元素Cu、Zn和Sr含量有显著影响（P〈0.05）,尤其是Ca、Mg、Zn含量,随着生长不断增加;重金属元素Cd、As含量很低,分别为0.001～0.003 mg/g和0.012～0.030 mg/g。综上所述,虎斑乌贼内壳营养丰富,Ca、M g、Zn含量高,且随着生长不断增加,具有良好的开发应用前景。

This study was conducted to study the changes of nutritional component contents in cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis at different growth stages,in order to provide a theoretical basis for development and utilization of Sepia pharaonis. The contents of nutritional components（ including moisture,ash,crude protein,crude fat,polysaccharide,amino acids,fatty acids） and minerals [including 5 kinds of major elements—natrium（ Na）,kalium（ K）,magnesium（ Mg）,aluminium（ Al）,calcium（ Ca）,and 8 kinds of trace elements—copper（ Cu）,iron（ Fe）,zinc（ Zn）,selenium（ Se）,manganese（ Mn）,chromium（ Cd）,arsenic（ As）,strontium（ Sr） ] in cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis at different growth stages（ grow ing ages were 60,90,120 and150 d,respectively） were determined using national standard nutritional methods. The results show ed as follow s： among different growth stages,the ash was the main component in cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis and the content of ash was 89.98% to 92.06%,which was increased with the growth and 150 days of age was significantly higher than other days of age（ P〈0. 05）; crude protein content was 2. 82% to 3. 11%,which was increased with the growth and 150 days of age was significantly higher than 60 days of age（ P〈0.05）; the content of moisture was 3.93% to 6.21%,which was decreased with the growth and 60 days of age was significantly higher than other days of age（ P〈0. 05）; the contents of crude fat and polysaccharide were less compared with other components,which were 0.41% to 0.47% and 0.34% to 0.38%,respectively. A total of 17 amino acids were identified in cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis among different growth stages,including 7 kinds of essential amino acids（ EAA）. The contents of total amino acid（ TAA）,EAA and acidic amino acids（ AAA） were 2.79% to 2.93%,0.87% to 0.98% and 0.56% to 0.78%,respectively; the content of AAA was increased with the growth,and 150 days of age was significantly higher than other days of age（ P〈0.05）. The content of glutamate（ Glu） was the highest（ 0. 31% to 0. 43%） and the content of histidine（ His） was the low est（ 0.03% to 0.07%） in cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis among different growth stages. A total of 7 fatty acids were identified,including 3 saturated fatty acids（ SFA）,1 monounsaturated fatty acids（ MUFA） and 3polyunsaturated fatty acids（ PUFA）. C22∶ 6n-3,C16∶ 0 and C18∶ 0 were the main components of fatty acids,among which C22∶ 6n-3 had the highest value（ 35. 68% to 37. 62%）. The contents of major elements—Na,Mg,Al and Ca,and trace elements—Cu,Zn and Sr were significantly affected by the growth stage（ P〈0.05）,especially the contents of Ca,Mg and Zn,which were increased with the growth; the contents of heavy metal elements—Cd and As were very low, which were 0. 001 to 0.003 mg/g and 0. 012 to0.030 mg/g,respectively. It is concluded that the cuttlebone of Sepia pharaonis has a high nutritional value,Ca,Mg and Zn contents are rich and increase with the growth. Therefore,it has a good spectacle of opening up and application.