惠州市2013—2015年外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

Surveillance for avian influenza A virus in environments in Huizhou City,2013—2015

目的了解惠州市外环境H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒的动态分布情况,为防治人感染禽流感提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法对2013—2015年惠州市外环境标本(禽类粪便、笼具表面、刀具、地面、砧板等)进行禽流感病毒核酸检测,阳性者进一步检测H5、H7、H9亚型核酸,数据用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果 2013—2015年共采集并检测各类环境标本847份,其中流感病毒A型(Flu A)阳性标本298份,阳性率为35.18%,H9亚型阳性占63.09%,H5亚型阳性占15.77%,H7亚型阳性占3.36%。不同场所和不同类型标本检测阳性率最高分别为农贸市场和宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面,阳性率为41.23%及52.41%。结论惠州市活禽市场特别是农贸市场等外环境中检出H5、H7、H9及多种亚型混合等多种亚型禽流感病毒存在,存在感染人的风险,应积极采取综合性防控措施。

Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza A（H5,H7 and H9）viruses in environments inHuizhou City,so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of human infection of avian influenza virus.Methods From 2013 to 2015,the samples were collected from the surveillance sites to detect the nucleic acid of avianinfluenza virus with real-time PCR,and the positive samples were further detected for H5,H7 and H9 nucleic acid. The resultswere statistically analyzed with the Excel software. Results A total of 847 environmental samples were collected and testedfrom 2013 to 2015,and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 35.18%（298 cases）,among which,the positiverate of H9 was 63.09%,H5 was 15.77% and H7 was 3.36%.For the sample source（site）specific,the positive rate was highestin the samples from farm markets（41.23%）,and for the sample source（type）specific,the positive rate was highest in thesamples from chopping boards for killed poultry（52.41%）. Conclusion Avian influenza A virus subtype H5,H7 and H9 exist in the environments,especially in farm markets,and the risk of human infection exists in Huizhou City. It is necessary totake active measures to prevent and control human infection of avian influenza virus.