旅游活动下罗浮山格木种群和土壤性质的变化

Changes of Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. Population and Soil Characteristics in Luofu Mountain under Tourism Activities

为了探明旅游活动对罗浮山旅游风景区生理生态环境的影响,野外调查及实验室分析了罗浮山在不同干扰程度下格木种群,检测了土壤理化性质、土壤酶活和土壤微生物分布。结果表明,随着旅游活动干扰程度的增大,风景区土壤p H减小、含水量下降、容重下降、电导率增大和养分流失;土壤酶活相比为干扰下显著下降,并且呈现季节变化性。脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶及蔗糖酶含量1-8月显著下降,9-12月有所上升;旅游干扰显著影响风景区土壤微生物群落分布,微生物数量随旅游活动强度增大而显著下降,群落多样性也显著降低,也显著改变格木群落多样性。旅游活动增多使Ⅰ级小树数量急剧下降,Ⅱ级中等树有所增多,Ⅲ级大树数目显著下降。格木群落多样性显著降低,罗浮山植被群落丰富度也显著降低,植被种类显著减少。综上所述,旅游活动显著改变风景区土壤理化特性,降低土壤微生物多样性和酶活性,抑制植被的可持续生长,减少风景区植被种类,间接或直接地损害罗浮山风景区自然生态环境。

In order to investigate the effects of tourism activities on vegetarian population structure and soil characteristics in scenic spots, Erythropkleum fordii Oliv. population under different degree of interference in Luofu mountain of Guangdong province was investigated, and the physical-chemical properties of soil, soil enzymatic activities, and the distribution of microbial community were detected. The result showed that with the increasing of tourism disturbance, the pH of soil in scenic spots decreased, water dropped, bulk density decreased, conductivity increased, and nutrients was lest. The soil enzyme activity dropped significantly and was a seasonal variation. The contents of u- tease, catalase, phesphatase and sucrase dropped siguificanfly from January to August, rising from September to December;Tourlsm disturb- ance significantly affected the distribution of microbial community of soil, the number of microbial declined significantly with the increasing tourism disturbance, the diversity of microbial population decreased significantly, and also changing the diversity of Erythrophleum ferdii Oliv. The Ⅰ level saplings had a dramatic decline with the increasing of tourism activities, however, the Ⅱ level medium trees increased, hut the number of Ⅲ level hig trees dropped significantly. The community diversity of Erythroph2oeum ferdii and vegetation richness in Luofu mountain also decreased significantly, and vegetation types were significantly reduced. To sum up, the physical-chemical properties of soil were changed, microbial diversity and enzyme activity of soil reduced, vegetation types decreased significantly, and the sustainable growth of vegetation in Luofu scenic spots was inhibited, which directly or indirectly harmed the natural ecological environment of scenic area in Luofu mountain.