水平井定向分簇射孔技术及其应用

Oriented cluster perforating technology and its application in horizontal wells

定向分簇射孔技术整合了分簇射孔与定向射孔的技术优势,解决了一系列技术难题。为了使该技术取得更好的油气开发效果,研究了射孔器自身重力偏心、电子选发模块的编码与地面程序控制相匹配、轴向居中触点信号传输以及射孔后簇间密封隔离等工艺技术,实现了电缆输送水平井射孔器自重定向、动态传输信号、可靠寻址与选发射孔以及射孔后簇间密封等功能,完成了射孔管串一次下井射孔与桥塞联作或多簇射孔作业,形成一套水平井电缆输送定向分簇射孔技术。应用于页岩气、煤层气等非常规气藏生产现场的效果表明:定向准确,选发射孔可靠,簇间密封良好,技术效果明显。定向分簇射孔技术攻克了井眼轨迹偏移主力产层的射孔难题,具有明确的目标性和方向性,有力支撑后续储层改造,促使压裂液最大限度地作用于主力产层,更好地配合制造储层复杂缝网,实现对非常规气藏的优质高效开发。

An oriented cluster perforating technology, which integrates both advantages of cluster and oriented perforating, will help solve a series of technical complexities in horizontal well drilling. For realizing its better application in oil and gas development, a series of technologies were developed, including perforator self-weight eccentricity, matching of the electronic selective module codes with the surface program control, axial centralized contact signal transmission, and post-perforation intercluster sealing insulation. In this way, the following functions could be realized, such as cable-transmission horizontal well perforator self-weight orientation, dynamic signal transmission, reliable addressing selective perforation and post-perforation intercluster sealing. The combined perforation and bridge plug or the multi-cluster perforation can be fulfilled in one trip of perforation string. As a result, the horizontal-well oriented cluster perforating technology based on cable conveying was developed. This technology was successfully applied in unconventional gas reservoir exploitation, such as shale gas and coalbed methane, with accurate orientation, reliable selective perforation and satisfactory inter-cluster sealing. The horizontal-well oriented cluster perforating technology benefits the orientation of horizontal well drilling with a definite target and direction, which provides a powerful support for the subsequent reservoir stimulation. It also promotes the fracturing fluid to sweep the principal pay zones to the maximum extent. Moreover, it is conducive to the formation of complex fracture networks in the reservoirs, making quality and efficient development of unconventional gas reservoirs possible.