DPeRS模型在重点流域面源污染优控单元划分中的应用——以吉林省为例

Application of DPeRS Model on NPS Priority Control Unit(PCU)Evaluation in Jilin Province

"十二五"期间,环保部开展了水污染防治分区管理工作,结合水质目标划定了控制单元,2015年《水污染防治行动计划》的颁布,对重点流域水质目标提出新要求,同时对重点流域的控制单元管理提出新要求。在"十二五"分区基础上,结合水质管理目标和保证乡镇完整性的情况下,继续对控制单元进行细化,最终形成了我国1784个控制单元,然而如何实现控制单元的分级分类管理是个重点也是难点,尤其优先控制单元的划分是流域水环境精细化管理的关键。本文以遥感分布式面源污染模型—DPeRS(Diffuse pollution estimation with remote sensing)模型为工具,以吉林省控制单元为例,从流域面源污染角度探讨优先控制单元的划分科学方法,为实现流域科学管理提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:1)吉林省面源污染物以TN和CODcr为主,2014年产生TN 2.4万t,进入水体6384t;CODcr 2.2万t,进入水体4552t;2)空间分布上,TN、TP、NH+4-N和CODcr面源污染物主要集中在吉林省西北部地区;3)氮型和磷型面源污染主要来源为农田耕作,化学需氧量面源污染源主要为畜禽养殖;4)吉林省48个控制单元中优控单元共21个,其中一类优先控制单元8个即污染物产生量和污染物入河量均较大的区域,二类优控单元13个,包括8个源头控制单元和5个入河过程控制单元。

During the period of the 12th Five-year Plan, the Ministry of Environmental Protection carries out division management about water pollution prevention, and it divided also control unit in combination of water quality target. After the Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan released in 2015, many new demands about water quality target and the management of control unit in key water basin were put forward. On the basis of the division of period of 12th Five-Year Plan, the control units were further refined and the 1784 control units were formatted in China combined with water quality management target and the integrity of township. However, how to realize the classification management of the control unit is a key and difficult point, and especially the division of priority control units is the key to the precision management of water environment on watershed. Using Diffuse pollution estimation with remote sensing （DPeRS） model as a tool and Jilin province as example, this study probed into a scientific partition method of priority control units from the angel of watershed non-point source pollution, and it provided technical support for scientific basin management. The results showed： 1 ） In Jilin province, nonpoint source pollution are mainly TN and CODer. The discharge of TN was 6384t with the total production being 2.4 ×10^4t and CODer was 4552t withthe total production 2. 2 ~104 t in 2014. 2） The TN, TP , NH^-N and CODer pollution were mainly located in the northwestern of Jilin province. 3） Farming was the most important source for NPS of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the livestock contributed most of NPS of CODer. 4） Among 48 control units in Jilin province, there are 21 priority control units which contains 8 first level control units whose production and discharge of pollution are higher and 13 second level control units which contains 8 source control units and 5 process control units.