乡村困境中“共同经济利益意识”的凝聚逻辑及其限制——对S村“神婆修庙”事件的分析

The Logic of Cohesion of the“Sense of Common Economic Benefits”in Rural Dilemmas and Its Limits:An Analysis of the“Witch Building Temple”Event in S Village

"共同经济利益意识"是相比于传统社会网络、组织与文化更具活力的村落团结特质,它可以抵御现代经济力量的侵蚀,且以其为基础的互惠与集体保护行动可带来更多经济利益。"共同经济利益意识"的凝聚能增强村庄观念和认知规范,并在相互作用下再生产互惠行为和集体保护行动。笔者研究了一个面临发展困境的个人经济利益呈分散状的村庄,村中"神婆修庙"事件的客观意图在于不顾经济利益的分散化特征,依靠村庄观念的塑造凝聚"共同经济利益意识",并实现集体保护行动和互惠行为的制度化。本文研究结论是,缺少特定经济利益基础而凝聚的"共同经济利益意识",其强度是有限的,它无法引致更广泛的集体保护行动和互惠行为。面对乡村困境,单靠村庄观念的塑造无法拯救个人主要经济利益呈分散状的村庄,制度公平比强制的观念更重要。

Compared to traditional social networks, organizations and culture, the 'sense of common economic benefits' is more likely to survive under the impact of the market 'invasion'. The increase in the 'sense of common economic benefits' can enhance village perception and cognitive norms, and reproduce the actions of reciprocity and collective protection. This article analyzes a case study of the 'witch building temple' event in S village where villagers share dispersed economic benefits, and examines the agent's effort of promoting the institutionalization of the actions of reciprocity and collective protection by way of constructing a 'sense of common economic benefits' and village perception. The analysis shows that the 'sense of common economic benefits' without a specific economic benefit provision has its limitation, which can barely produce the actions of reciprocity and collective protection. In a village typified by villagers' dispersed economic benefits, the construction of village perception is hardly effective. The study concludes by proposing that institutional equity be more important than a forced perception of village.