农村内部劳动力商品化与社区社会资本变迁

Commercialization of Labor in Rural China and the Change of Community Social Capital

本文试图通过农村劳动力商品化的过程来考察农村社区社会资本变迁。在传统农村社会,互助换工不仅降低了农民的生产、生活成本,同时还对社区认同、互惠规范以及社区参与等社区社会资本的要素进行着生产和再生产,从而促进了社区社会资本的积累。村庄内部劳动力商品化改变了村民之间的合作方式,直接导致社区社会资本各要素的流失,出现集体行动困境,农村社会内部也难以依靠自身力量实现发展。

This article examines the change of community social capital in rural China in a process of the commercialization of rural labor force. It discusses the effects of mutual exchanges of labor in a traditional rural community, including a decrease in production and living costs of farmer households, and the accumulation of community social capital by facilitating the production and reproduction of the community identity, mutual benefits, and community participation. Afterwards, the article illustrates a change process of villagers' mutual cooperation ever since the commercialization of rural labor force. The study shows that this change process leads to a loss of the elements of community social capital, which creates a dilemma of collective action. As a result, it becomes difficult for the rural community to develop based on its internal strength.