马克思基于异化劳动理论对黑格尔主客体关系的批判

On Marx's Criticism to Hegel's Relations between Subject and Object That Based on the Theory of Alienated Labor

黑格尔强调主体的能动性,他的主客体关系是统一于否定的辩证过程之中的。然而这一过程是一个抽象的思维过程,没有立足于现实的物质生产实践中,因此黑格尔只看到了劳动的积极方面,他所理解的劳动仅是抽象的精神劳动。马克思正是基于对异化劳动的理解,高度赞扬费尔巴哈将黑格尔颠倒的主客体关系重新颠倒过来,从而恢复了唯物主义的权威,同时又批判了费尔巴哈并不真正理解黑格尔哲学是以一种思辨的形式反映了事物的辩证发展。黑格尔哲学的精华正在于他把人的自我产生看作一个过程,马克思批判地继承了这一否定的辩证法思想,并于实践中实现了主客体关系的统一,从而改造了黑格尔哲学。

Hegel emphasized the initiative of the body; his relations between subject and object was united in the dialectical process of negative. However,this process is an abstract thought process,which can＇t be based on the realistic practices of material production,so Hegel only saw the positive aspects of labor and the labor was understood only as the abstract mental labor. It is based on the understanding of alienated labor; Marx highly praised Feuerbach who had again reversed the reversed relations between subject and object of Hegel,thus restoring the authority of materialism,but he also criticized that Feuerbach can＇t really understand Hegel＇s philosophy which,in the form of speculative,reflects the dialectical development of things. The essence of Hegel＇s philosophy was that he regarded human＇s self-generation as a process; Marx critically inherited this negative dialectics thought,and achieved a unity of relations between subject and object in practice,and thus he transformed philosophy of Hegel.