面向用户服务的美国政府开放数据研究及启示——以美国Data.gov网站为例

User-oriented Services of the US Government Open Data: Research and Revelation—Taking Data. gov for Example

[目的/意义]随着大数据时代的到来,拥有丰富数据的各国政府开始从信息公开走向数据开放。作为一种新的潮流和趋势,各国政府在进行政府数据开放时,应顺应Web2.0时代的要求,以用户为中心,以公众的需求为导向,面向用户提供服务。通过对美国政府开放数据网站面向用户服务的研究,结合我国的实际情况,阐述该网站对我国政府数据开放的启示。[方法/过程]从各国的实践来看,美国的国家级政府开放数据平台Data.gov为各国提供了很好的学习案例。以Data.gov网站的板块设置为依据,从"数据提供""数据检索""数据利用"以及"与用户的交流与互动"4个层面对该网站面向用户提供的服务进行了详细介绍与分析。[结果/结论]对我国的启示有:建设一站式的政府数据开放平台;基于用户需求逐步开放政府数据;以用户为中心,提升用户体验;鼓励用户参与,发挥数据价值;将数据开放纳入政府工作绩效评估体系。

[Purpose/Significance] With the arrival of big data era, governments owning rich data begin transforming from information publicity to open data. As a new trend, the government should offer open data, provide user-centered and user-oriented public services and meet the request of Web2. 0. Through researching the user-oriented services of the US government open data and combining with ac-tual situation, this paper elaborates the inspirations for open data in China. [ Method/Process] In practice, Data. gov, the national govern-ment open data platform in America, provides a good case study for all countries. Taking the section setting of Data. gov as the main line, the paper gives a detailed introduction to Data. gov from 4 aspects：data providing, data retrieval, data utilization and communications ＆amp;interactions with the website visitors. [ Result/Conclusion] The inspirations for China include： building one-stop government open data platform; offering open data based on user demand development; focusing on visitors and improving user experiences; encouraging user participation and leveraging data value; integrating open data index into the government performance evaluation.