全年3次用药模式下杏园主要天敌与害虫相互关系

The Relationship of the Major Natural Enemies and Pests under Annually 3 Times of Chemical Pesticide Spray in Apricot Orchards

本研究以北京杏主产区延庆县鲜食杏园为例,系统调查了3次用药模式下天敌与害虫的主要种类及其发生动态,并确定两者的生态位及其宽度以及灰色关联度,为减少杏园用药次数,保护和利用天敌提供参考。研究结果表明,杏树树冠的优势天敌为捕食性蜘蛛、大草蛉、异色瓢虫、大灰食蚜蝇、寄生蜂和龟纹瓢虫;主要害虫(螨)为山楂叶螨、桃蚜和小绿叶蝉,其中山楂叶螨全年为害,桃蚜为害盛期5月中旬至6月上旬,小绿叶蝉主要在8月为害。通过生态位和灰色关联度分析表明,异色瓢虫和大灰食蚜蝇与山楂叶螨和桃蚜同域性和同步性强,寄生蜂和小绿叶蝉的同域性和同步性强。由此认为,异色瓢虫、大灰食蚜蝇、寄生蜂为鲜食杏园优势害虫的主要控制性天敌,应加以保护和利用。

The investigation was carried out on the dynamics of major natural enemies and pests under annually 3 times of chemical pesticides spray in fresh apricot orchards in Yanqing County, Beijing, China. The ecological niche, niche breadth and grey relational grade in the apricot orchards were analyzed as well to provide the technical reference for reducing annually the frequency of chemical pesticide application and protecting and utilizing natural enemies. The results showed that Tetranychus viennensis （Zacher）, Myzus persicae （Sulzer） and Empoasca flavescens （Fab.） were the major pests and predatory spider, Chrysopa pallens （Rambur）, Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）, Metasyrphus corollae （Fabricius）, parasitoid wasp and Propylaea japonica （Thunberg） were the major natural enemies. T. viennensis appeared in whole growing season. M. persicae appeared from mid-May to early June and E. flavescents mainly happened in August. There were strong sympatric and synchronization between H. axyridis and T. viennensis, M. corollae and M. persicae, parasitoid wasp and E. flavescens. It was conducted that H. axyridis, M. corollae and parasitoid wasp were the main advantages of controlling pest predators, should be protected.