高校学生权力的理性思考

Rational Thinking on University Student Power

无论从权力概念的逻辑推演,还是从历史演进的轨迹来看,高校学生权力都是客观存在的,且具有权力资格的通用性、领域范围的限定性和实施效果的外在依赖性等基本属性。尊重并彰显高校学生权力不仅有利于发挥学生的主体地位,维护学生切身利益,实现学生权力的本体价值,而且还有利于平衡行政权力和学术权力,促进高校内部民主管理,实现学生权力的附加价值。但当前高校学生权力正面临着思想意识薄弱、制度设计缺失、组织机构异化、实践运行受阻等现实困境。为此,高校应该在现代大学制度框架内,从增强思想意识、完善制度设计、强化组织建设和构筑运行机制等方面入手,确保学生权力得到认可、尊重和实现。

From the logical deduction of the concept of power, all power relations have three basic attributes: extensiveness, comprehensiveness and strength. As a starting point, university student power, opposed to the administrative power and academic power,has special essence different from other powers. University student power has basic attributes of the generality of power qualification, the definiteness of domain scope and the external dependency of implementation effect. The generality of power qualification refers to the college students' general power as the national citizens, the university subjects and education consumers in different social environment. The definiteness of domain scope refers to the college students' power range limited in the power field of the administrative management, the educational management, logistics service and self management. The external dependency of implementation effect refers to that of the power of university students relies on the recognition, respect and acceptance of the legality of the administrative power and academic power.Both logical reasoning, and the development of the evolution of history and reality, student power exists in university power structure and should constitute an important part of the power structure of colleges and universities. Respecting and highlighting students' power is not only beneficial to exert students' main body status, maintain students' vital interests and realize the essence value of the student power, but also to balance the administrative power and academic power, promote the internal democratic management in colleges and universities and realize the added value of student power. But the power of university students faces some practical difficulties, such as lack of power awareness and system design, organization alienation and meeting with resistance in practice. Therefore, colleges and universities should ensure the recognition, respect and realization of the student power by strengthening ideology, perfecting the system design, strengthening the organization and building operation mechanism in the framework of the modern university system.Firstly, strengthening the awareness of student power is the precondition. The organizers of universities should change their educational ideas and stick to the educational philosophy of 'students' interests first'; the administrators of universities should enhance the awareness of respecting student power and establish the management philosophy of students' self-management; the teachers of universities should recognize and respect the main body status of students, and safeguard the students' legal rights; college students should strengthen citizen consciousness and the concept of the rights protection. Secondly, perfecting the system design of student power is fundamental. The country should guarantee the students' legal rights by formulating and improving laws and regulations; colleges and universities should provide feasible implementation path for effective operation of the student power by formulating and perfecting university statutes, and set up supporting systems which are mutually supportive with internal and external rules and regulations. Thirdly, strengthening the organization construction of student power is the guarantee. Universities should construct 'co-governance' platform for students to participate in, and ensure students to participate in all the decisions related to their interests; universities should correct the alienated student union and student congress, and enhance their independence and autonomy; universities should create an operation platform of student power with organizational form of committee; universities should establish corresponding organization to guide and monitor the application of student power. Fourthly, building operation mechanism of student power is the key. Universities should establish authorities with student power, administrative power and academic power coexisting harmoniously; universities should build the mechanism of supervision and balance of the above three kinds of power to prevent students from lack of voice and conflict of collective action; countries should set up judicial intervention and review system of university internal management, and guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of students have the necessary judicial relief; universities should delimit reasonable boundary of student power, and ensure the correct exercising of student power.