北京松山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布规律

Distribution of wildlife along tourism routes in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve

利用红外相机对北京松山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布规律进行调查。于2013年11月至2014年11月,在20个位点布设红外相机,拍摄到有效照片1 558张,共鉴定出物种35种,其中兽类12种、鸟类23种。兽类中拍摄率最高的前4种分别为岩松鼠、猪獾、狗獾、豹猫,鸟类中拍摄率最高的前4种分别为雉鸡、红嘴蓝鹊、斑鸫、紫啸鸫。拍摄到危险野生动物野猪9次,且多在傍晚和夜间,基本不会对白天活动的游客安全构成威胁,但对露营的游客构成潜在危险。红外相机在不同海拔区间以及不同月份的拍摄率不同,低海拔拍摄率高于中海拔和高海拔拍摄率;9月份拍摄率最高,达到53.64%,12月份最低,为3.71%。另外,不同野生动物在每日不同时间段的出现频率不同。表明野生动物在旅游路线周边的空间和时间上具有一定分布规律。本研究对红外相机监测旅游线路周边野生动物资源的实际意义进行了讨论,同时有助于保障松山国家级自然保护区的旅游安全,提高防控预警能力。

To investigate the distribution of wildlife along the tourism routes in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve,20 infrared cameras were set during November 2013 to November 2014. From the 1 558 pictures taken by the cameras,35 species of wild animals were identified,including 12 mammals and 23 birds. The most common mammals captured were Sciurotamias davidianus,Arctonyx collaris,Meles meles and Prionailurus bengalensis, and the most common birds were Phasianus colchicus, Urocissa erythrorhyncha,Turdus naumanni and Myophonus caeruleus. Sus scrofa,a dangerous mammal,was pictured 9 times,mostly at night,which suggests a low threat to visitors＇ safety in the daytime,but a potential danger to camping tourists. The photographic rate（ PR） varied at different elevations and months. The PR at low elevation was higher than that in middle and high elevations. The PR reached53. 64% in September and dropped to 3. 71% in December. Besides,the frequency of occurrences differed in species and time bucket. The results indicate that the wild animals distribute in certain rules along the tourism routes. This paper also discusses the efficacy of monitoring wildlife resources around tourist lines by infrared cameras,which contributes to the tourists＇ security assurance and improves the ability of early warning and control.