夫妻教育匹配对婚姻关系质量的影响研究

Influences of Couples' Educational Assortative Mating on the Quality of Their Marriages

现代社会中,教育匹配已成为婚姻关系建构的重要原则,其影响已超过传统婚姻文化中的"门当户对"。夫妻教育匹配程度提高是否有助于改善婚姻质量、促进婚姻关系的和谐稳定?针对这一问题,文章使用1990-2010年中国妇女社会地位调查数据,考察了20世纪末以来中国已婚夫妇的教育匹配特征对婚姻关系和谐状况的影响。研究发现,夫妻受教育程度相当有助于双方对婚姻关系形成比较一致的认识。与之相比,夫妻受教育程度不同对双方感知的婚姻和谐性具有不同的影响。受教育程度较高的一方认为其婚姻不和谐的可能性增大,其自报夫妻融洽的可能性较低、表示遭受过婚内暴力的可能性显著更高;受教育程度较低的一方则相反。这种差异性可能不同程度地影响异质婚中男女双方的婚姻效用。因此,理解和推动整个社会婚姻关系稳定与健康发展,应当正视不同教育匹配现象对婚姻质量的影响。

In many modern societies, couples＇ educational assortative mating have been considered an important basis upon which to construct marital relationships. The influence of this consideration has increasingly overshadowed traditional marriage criteria of matching status and wealth. Would the increase of couples＇ educational assortative mating play a positive role in improving the quality of marriages and promoting harmonious marital relationships？ This study investigates the relevance of couples＇ educational assortative mating to the quality of marriages in the past two decades in China based on findings from the National Surveys on the Status of Chinese Women in 1990 and 2010. It is found that the couple＇s comparable educational achievements help the couple reach a common understanding of the state of their harmonious marital relationship. In contrast, couples who have incomparable levels of educational achievements tend to report having less harmonious marital relationships. The partner who has higher education tends to report having less harmonious marital life and greater likelihood of experiencing domestic violence, while the other partner reports contrarily. These different perceptions between couples of incomparable educational achievements have unequally affected the quality of their marriages.It is thus recommendable to pay attention to these different effects in order to promote stable and quality marital relationships in society.