澜沧江—湄公河合作机制与跨境安全治理

The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework and Transboundary Security Governance

跨境安全问题是影响中国与缅甸、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、越南5个下湄公河国家政治经济合作的关键因素,同时也是关系澜沧江—湄公河次区域合作水平能否冲破瓶颈的重要条件。现有的大湄公河次区域经济合作、东盟—湄公河流域开发合作机制、湄公河委员会等多边机制对于跨境安全问题捉襟见肘、应对不力。2015年11月中国提出的澜沧江—湄公河合作机制正式建立,其合作内容涵盖政治安全、经济和可持续发展、社会人文3个重点领域。因此,该机制的建立为解决次区域内跨界安全问题、深化区域合作提供了新的机遇,也为中国展现其国际秩序建设能力提供了新的平台和渠道。本文先就澜沧江—湄公河合作机制下跨境安全治理的相关概念、研究现状进行分析,接着探讨澜沧江—湄公河次区域内的跨境安全问题、根源与影响,最后指出通过夯实中国与下湄公河国家的互信基础,构建跨境安全治理的合作平台,发挥中国在跨境安全治理中的建设性作用,发挥次国家政府的能动作用,处理好与域外国家和其他合作机制的竞合关系,开展跨境安全治理的早期收获等路径来发挥澜沧江—湄公河机制的跨境安全治理作用,有效应对澜沧江—湄公河次区域的跨境安全问题。

The transboundary security issues are the key to the political and economic cooperation between China andthe Lower Mekong Countries,namely,Myanmar,Thailand,Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. They are also fundamental forbreaking bottleneck in the level of cooperation in the Lanccang-Mekong subregion. These existing the Great Mekong SubregionEconomic Cooperation, ASEAN Mekong Basin Development Cooperation and the Mekong River Commission cannot bepowerful enough when dealing with the transboundary security issues. The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework cameup with by China was officially launched in November,2015, which covers three key areas： politico-security issues,economicaffairs and sustainable development, and social affairs and people-to-people exchanges. Therefore, this new frameworknot only provides the countries in the subregion with new opportunity to solve the transboundary security issues and todeepen regional cooperation, but also acts as a new platform and channel for China to show its capability to establish internationalorder. In this paper, the related concepts and the research status of the study of the transboundary security governanceunder the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework will be analyzed firstly, and then the transboundary security issuesin the Lancang-Mekong subregion as well as its causes and influences will be discussed. Finally, it will be pointed out thatChina and the Lower Mekong Countries are responding to the problems of transboundary security in the Lancang-Mekongsubregion effectively and efficiently by strengthening mutual trust basis between China and the Lower Mekong Countries, establishingthe cooperation platform of the transboundary security governance, playing a constructive role in the transboundarysecurity governance, handling the competition between China and countries outside the region as well as other cooperationframeworks, fulfilling subnational governments functions and operating Early Harvest Program of the transboundary securitygovernance.