非药物镇痛在自然分娩产妇中的应用

Application of non-drug analgesia in spontaneous labor

分娩痛仅次于烧灼痛而位居疼痛指数第二,也是在中国剖宫产率增加的主要原因。分娩镇痛分药物性和非药物性镇痛两类,药物性镇痛,需要麻醉师的操作、产妇的配合、相应的监护和抢救设备,而且对产妇和新生儿都有不同程度的影响。世界卫生组织提倡使用非药物镇痛分娩方法,最大限度减少分娩疼痛,除非有医学指征不建议使用麻醉药和镇痛药。非药物镇痛方法很多,如拉玛泽呼吸法、导乐陪伴分娩、导乐镇痛仪、音乐减痛法、姿势变换、穴位按摩和腰骶部热敷等,可联合应用于分娩全过程,操作简单,费用低廉,无创伤性,对母婴无任何不良影响,能降低剖宫产率,分娩镇痛效果更好,产妇满意,更容易接受。本文介绍非药物镇痛方法在产妇自然分娩中的应用。

The labor pain ranked No. 2 in the pain index,next to burning pain,which was the main reason for the increase of cesarean section in China. There were two labor analgesia method,including drug and non-drug analgesia. The drug analgesia required the anesthesiologist operation,parturient cooperation,and the corresponding monitoring and rescue equipment,and had different effects on the parturient and neonate. So,WHO advocated using the non-drug analgesic delivery method to maximally reduce the labor pain,unless there was a medical indication that the anesthetics and analgesics were not recommended. The non-drug analgesia methods included Ramaze breathing,doula accompanied delivery and instrument,music guided and accompanied delivery,postural transform,acupoint massage,lumbosacral hot compress and the like,which could be combined in the whole process of childbirth,and were easy to be accepted with the advantages of simple operation,low cost,no invasion,no adverse effects on the mother and infant,better analgesia effect,and high maternal satisfaction. Moreover,they could reduce the cesarean section rate. In this paper,the application of non-drug analgesia in the spontaneous labor was introduced.