高速列车多边形多胞吸能管耐撞性分析与优化

Crashworthiness analysis and multi-objective optimization of multi-cell tube for high-speed train

为设计高速列车专用吸能结构,基于吸能薄壁管多角化和多胞化的设计原则,在传统四边形管基础上提出3种不同截面薄壁管,然后利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA以初始峰值力、比吸能和压缩力效率为评价指标对这4种截面薄壁管轴向吸能性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明T4管具有较强的吸能性能,能够满足高速列车碰撞吸能的需求。为了进一步提升T4管的吸能性能,以内管边长和壁厚为设计变量,以比吸能和初始峰值力为优化函数,采用多目标粒子群优化算法对其进行多目标结构优化,得到pareto前沿解集。利用优化结果与原设计对比发现,在峰值力一定时优化前和优化后的比吸能仅相差了0.11%,这说明原方案中T5管的结构尺寸设计的较为合理。

To design the energy-absorbing structure of high-speed train, based on the principle of multi cornerand multi cell, three thin-walled tubes with different cross-sectional shapes were proposed and analyzed numerically;meanwhile, conventional square tube was also analyzed for comparison. The results show that T4 tube hasbetter performance in energy absorption. Then, the multi-objective optimization for T4 tube was conducted to achievemaximum specific energy absorption and minimum peak crushing force. The pareto frontier was obtained.Using the optimization result, the difference between the optimized tube and original tube was small, whichmeans the original design is a good choice.