0～5岁儿童轮状病毒腹泻调查

Investigation of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Children Aged 0～5 Years

目的：调查近5年本地区小儿轮状病毒腹泻流行病学特点。方法收集2011年1月—2015年12月间该院收治的5岁以下非菌性腹泻患儿的粪便标本。在腹泻症状出现后5d内完成粪便标本采集,并在3h内处理标本。采用ELISA法检测标本中的轮状病毒,结果为阳性的标本采用RT-PCR、PAGE技术对病毒株进行分型。结果轮状病毒检出率2011—2013年间呈逐年下降的趋势,2014年有所上升,2015年起明显降低。轮状病毒阳性患儿中男性比例明显高于女性；每年12月到次年2月的冬季小儿轮状病毒腹泻发生率最高,其次为春季,存在明显季节性。轮状病毒阳性标本均成功进行了G分型,其中G3型明显高于其他G分型比例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；其次为G9型。轮状病毒阳性标本P分型中有135份未分型成功。成功分型的标本中P8型明显高于其他P分型比例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；其次为P4型。7-12月龄小儿轮状病毒感染发病率明显高于其他年龄段,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论轮状病毒是本地区小儿腹泻的主要致病原,其中G3型和P8型为主要流行株,应加强每年12月到次年2月期间高发年龄段小儿轮状病毒性腹泻的防治工作。

Objective To survey the epidemiological characters of rotavirus diarrhea in children in this region in recent 5 years. Methods The stool specimens of children with non-bacterial？diarrhea aged less than 5 admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected, and the stool specimen collection was finished in 5d after the occurrence of diarrhea symptom, and the specimens were processed in 3h, the rotavirus virus in specimens was tested by ELISA method, and the virus strains in positive specimens were typed by the RT-PCR and PAGE technique. Results The detection rate of rotavirus virus showed a gradual descend trend from 2011 to 2013, and it increased in 2014 and obviously decreased in 2015, the male ratio in children with positive rotavirus virus was obviously higher than the female ratio. Every year, the incidence rate of rotavirus diarrhea was the highest from December to February of the following year, and the spring was the second with obvious seasonal variation, the rotavirus virus positive specimens were successfully given G typ-ing, the ratio of G3 type was obviously higher than that of the other G types, and the difference had statistical significance, （P〈0.05）, G9 type was the second, and there were 135 without successful typing in P typing of rotavirus virus positive specimens, the ratio of P8 type in the specimens with successful typing was obviously higher than that of the other P typing, and the difference had statistical significance（P〈0.05）, P4 was the second, the infectious incidence rate of rotavirus virus in children aged 7-12 months was obviously higher than that in the other age periods, and the difference had statistical signif-icance（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The rotavirus virus is the main pathogen of diarrhea in children in this region, and G3 and P8 are the main epidemic strains, and we should enhance the prevention and cure of rotavirus virus diarrhea in children in high-risk age period from December to February of the following year every year.