论教育权威

On Educational Authority

教育权威是一种为了实现学校教育的共同善,确保师生联合行动得以实施的基本原则,它是教师对学生拥有的权威。教育权威在性质上是一种辅助性权威,其起因在于学生自主性的缺失,具有实践秩序与理论秩序两种权威形式。教育权威是一种旨在促进学生实现终极自由的作用力,这种作用力通过指示或命令得以实施,即通过拥有原初自由的学生将其看作是自身行动规则这一实践判断得以实施。如果说原初自由是一种选择善事物或恶事物的自由,那么终极自由就是一种以德性为行动目的与依据的自由。因此,教育权威作为一种要求学生服从的规范性力量,与学生的自由具有原则上的和谐。这种教育权威的运用,需要抵制一种割裂师生联合行动的外在形式,创造并保障教育秩序与学生行动自由、教育知识与学生经验相统一的条件。就此而言,这是一种民主的教育权威,它建立在经验的延续性与交互性原则的基础上,旨在维护与促进师生共同体的经验生长与改造。

Educational authority is the fundamental principle which guarantees the achievement of the common good of school education and effects thecommon act of teachers and students. It is a supplementary authority owned by teacher over student, according to the lack of the student autonomy, whichhas two sorts of authorities ： one concerns the practical order, and the other theoretical order. By nature educational authority is power effecting throughcommand, the rule signified by which also can’t leave the practical judgment of the students who have freedom of choice, and finally in order to promoteand realize the ultimate freedom of students. If the freedom of choice is the freedom choosing the good thing or the bad thing, the ultimate freedom isfreedom which choosing virtue as its aim and ground. Therefore, educational authority has a normative capacity to demand the obedience of student, whichhence not opposition to the freedom of student. The practice of educational authority needs to resist one way in which divides the educational union ofteacher and student, to create the union condition in which guarantees the unity between educational order and student freedom of action, betweeneducational knowledge and student experience. In conclusion, this is a democratic authority of education, which has a basis of the principle of continuousand interactive experience, to defend and promote the development and transformation of experience of the community.