《宗教事务条例》修订的体例、结构和实践问题

The Style,Structure and Practice of the Regulations on Religious Affairs

2005年3月1日起正式施行的《宗教事务条例》(以下简称《条例》)填补了宗教事务引导与治理在国家层面的立法空白,是改革开放以来党的宗教政策在制度方面的总结,并成为10年来保障宗教信仰自由、维护民族团结与社会稳定的重要法规。然而宗教格局和社会现实的改变使得宗教事务规范方面的不完善逐渐暴露,规范与规范、规范与现实的冲突和矛盾显现。《条例》实施10年以来,以之为核心的政策法规体系主要由两个方面组成,一是国家宗教事务局及相关部委制定的规章政策,二是地方各级政府(主要为省级)依据《条例》制定的省级宗教事务条例。从体例结构和内容两个方面总结地方性规范的亮点和缺陷,在各地的宗教事务实践当中发现一些符合当地需求的新的举措或者对旧有体系进行突破性的尝试,对于其中符合社会发展潮流和广大人民意愿、在实践中又确实收效良好的新举措进行探究,有助于总结宗教立法的不足。借鉴现有立法成果提出对《条例》修订的建议,有助于坚持科学立法,保障宗教信仰自由。

On March 1,2005,the Regulations on Religious Affairs was formally implemented. It fills the blank of religious legislation in China,and is regarded as the summary of the Party＇s religious policy since the reform and opening up. The Regulations on Religious Affairs became important laws and regulations in protecting the freedom of religious belief and maintaining national unity and social stability. However,the regulations of religious affairs gradually reveal their own shortcomings,conflicts and contradictions. As the core of the system,the Regulations on Religious Affairs falls largely into two parts： one part of it is national regulations of the Religious Affairs Bureau,the other part is the local regulations on religious affairs. We try to find the advantages and defects of local norms,explore the new measures to good effect in practice,and help to summarize the shortage of the religious legislation. Drawing lessons from the existing legislative achievements and putting forward suggestions for revision of the regulations may help to adhere to the scientific legislation and safeguard freedom of religious belief.