论重金属污染防治环境标准制定的法律规制

Legal Regulation of the Setting of Environmental Standards in Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention

在风险社会理论视域下,环境标准的制定主要是政策选择而非科学活动。我国由于忽视环境标准制定背后的利益博弈,忽略对博弈过程进行规制,造成环境标准制定中的乱象。根据风险社会理论,考虑我国重金属污染防治环境标准制定中的现状,我国在重金属污染防治环境标准制定进路上应选择优先适用"基于风险"进路、"成本—收益分析"进路,最后适用"基于技术"进路的倒三角模式。在风险沟通模式上,应综合运用听证会模式和共识会议模式。在立法形式选择上,我国应在《重金属污染防治条例》中设专章对重金属污染防治标准制定的进路、风险沟通进行规定。

In the theory of a risky society,the setting of environmental standards is a process of political game rather than a scientific activity. Because of ignoring the benefit game behind the setting of environmental standards,China lacks the regulation the process of environmental standards. According to risk society theory,China can make inverted triangle model which means applying risk-based approach and cost-benefit analyzing approach first,and then applying technique-based approach as its environmental making approach. Meanwhile,China can learn risk communication models of North American and Denmark to combine the public hearings and consensus conferences as its risk communication approach. At last,a separated chapter in Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention Regulation should be the proper legislation mode for the setting process of environmental standards in heavy metal pollution prevention.