文化认同与京派文学的审美张力

Cultural Identification and Aesthetic Tension of Beijing School of Literature

京派经典性的代表作家,几乎都是外乡人。沈从文笔下的"边城",废名笔下的"竹林",都距北京很远,最多像周作人那样,作为一个外乡人写几篇小文,谈谈"北京的茶食"之类。这些人之所以走到一起,之所以叫"京派",并不是他们对北京地域性的认同,而是一种更为宽泛、更为开阔的超越北京地域特性的文化认同。对京派文学来说,文化认同主要体现在三个层面:一是历史文脉的认同;二是精神谱系的认同;三是审美追求的认同。对京派文化认同的理解,是认识京派本质内涵的重要环节。

Almost all the representative classic writers of Beijing school of literature came from the country side.Shen Congwen＇s ＂border town＂and Fei Ming＇s ＂bamboo forest＂are both very,very far from Beijing. They,at most like Zhou Zuoren,wrote some articles as a writer from outside of the city,talking,for example,of the tea and food of Beijing. They came together under the same title of ＂Beijing school ＂not because they identified themselves with Beijing region but because they identified themselves with a culture which offers a broader and wider landscape than the characteristics of Beijing region. To writers of Beijing school of literature,cultural identification reveals itself in three major aspects： the identification of literary history,the identification of a spiritual genealogical system,and the identification of aesthetic pursuit. The understanding of the cultural identification of Beijing school of literature,therefore,is the essence of understanding Beijing school of literature.