北京市区域微循环公交系统优化探索

A Case Study on the Optimization of Local Shuttle Bus System in Beijing

快速公共交通网络,包括地铁、快速公交车(BRT)和快速路公交车系统在内,是北京市公共交通系统的重要组成部分,该系统承载了全市每日超过50%的出行流量。然而,快速公共交通网络的优势往往被出发地/目的地与快速公共交通网络节点之间低效率的接驳机制所抵消,这直接导致了北京市快速公共交通网络的"最后一公里"困境。作者在2010年提出了区域微循环公交系统理念,通过环状短程公交线路将乘客的出发地/目的地与快速公共交通网络节点连接起来,为交通网络末端接驳问题提供了一套全新的解决方案,并在北京市公共交通优化工作中得以实施。基于作者的研究成果,北京市于2010年起开始在试点区域开通区域微循环公交线路。但是,在微循环公交方案的推广过程中,由于车辆购置成本的原因,线路未使用方案中设计的中小型公交车进行运营,而是继续使用已有的大型公交车,也未采取公交停车场分时段复用等机制,从而导致微循环线路难以较为理想地发挥作用。作者针对上述情况,提出了包括引入中小型新能源公交车等一系列北京市区域微循环公交系统优化方案,并根据应用实例,对实施优化前后的线路运营效果进行了对比分析,从而证明了优化方案的有效性与可行性,进一步提高了北京市区域微循环公交系统的适用范围与运行效率,并有效降低其运营成本。

The rapid transit network,including subway,bus rapid transit system（ BRT） and expressway buses,is the most important part of the Beijing public transportation system,which delivers over 50 percent of the whole transit ridership every day. However,in many cases,the advantages of the rapid transit network are decreased because of the inefficient connections between the rapid transit stations / stops and the origins or destinations,which is often referred to as＂the last mile problem＂. In 2010,the authors introduced the plan of local shuttle bus system,which offered an all- new choice to improve the final leg connectivity of the transportation system. The shuttle buses,which were the smaller regular ones,operate in short circle routes,linking the rapid transit stations / stops and the residential houses,apartment buildings,office buildings and many other sites in local areas together. In the same year,the local shuttle bus system was utilized to optimize the efficiency of the public transportation by the transport authorities of Beijing,and several local shuttle bus routes began operation.Nevertheless,due to the high costs of updating buses into smaller ones,the local shuttle bus routes still operated in regular buses without parking lot time division multiplexing policies. As a result,the advantages of local shuttle bus system were significantly reduced. On response to the shortcomings above, the authors introduced an optimized local shuttle bus system plan,which operated based on smaller new energy buses. Then the efficiency of the new bus plan was compared with current one in this paper,and the results showed that it was able to improve the efficiency and effects of the local shuttle bus system greatly,besides reducing the operation cost and extending the application range of the bus system.