气候暖干化对半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响

Impacts of Climate Warming and Drying on Water Use Efficiency of Potato in a Semi-arid Region

基于1988~2013年黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯栽培定位试验,结合试验区域气象站1957~2013年气候要素观测资料,开展气候暖干化对黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,1957~2013年试验区降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10.219 mm(10a)^(-1);20世纪60年代降水量偏多,90年代降水量最少,降水量减少最多的季节为秋季。气温呈显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.228℃(10a)^(-1),20世纪80年代之后气温明显上升。试验区马铃薯水分利用效率呈显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-25.602 kg hm^(-2)mm-1(10a)^(-1)。马铃薯水分利用率与6月上、中旬气温、7月上旬气温、8月下旬气温呈显著负相关,气温增高导致产量下降,水分利用效率降低。水分利用率与6月上旬降水量和9月中旬日照时数呈显著正相关。气候暖干对马铃薯发育和产量形成的负效应增加,马铃薯产量形成的不确定性因素也呈增加趋势。

Based on the long-term experiment of potato cultivation in the semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau in1988- 2013 the influence of the climate warming and drying on water utilization efficiency of potatoes was carried out with the utilization of meteorological elements observation data in 1957- 2013 from different meteorological stations.The results showed that precipitation in 1957- 2013 in the experimental regions displayed a descending trend, and changed at a velocity of-10.219 mm（10a）^（-1）. The precipitation in 1960 s was more than the average value in 1990 s.Autumn was the most obvious season for the reduction of precipitation. Temperature displayed an obviously ascending trend, especially after 1980 s, and change velocity was 0.228 ℃（10a）^（-1）. Water utilization efficiency of potatoes in the experimental regions decreased at a velocity of-25.602 kg hm^（-2）mm-1（10a）^（-1）. There was a remarkably negative correlation between the water utilization efficiency and temperature on the 1stto the 20 thJune, the 1stto the 10 thJuly and the 21 stto the 31 stAugust. Increase in temperature led to decrease in crop output and water utilization efficiency.There was a remarkably positive correlation between the water utilization efficiency and precipitation in the first ten days in June and the middle ten days in September. There was a negative effect of climate warming and drying on the growth and yield formation in potatoes.