花生化感物质降解菌和抗连作拮抗菌复合菌剂应用效果的研究

Research onthe Application Effect of Compound Bacterium Agent for Allelochemicals Degradation Bacteria and Antagonistic Bacteria Resistance to Continuous Cropping

为了提高花生化感物质降解菌对化感物质降解率以及连作障碍拮抗菌对植物病原菌的拮抗效果。利用优化培养后制备的复合菌剂进行大田试验(复合菌剂中降解菌有效活菌数总数达3×1010cfuml^(-1),拮抗菌有效活菌数1.12×108cfuml^(-1)),研究了复合菌剂对花生病害、降解特性及土壤微生物活性等的影响。结果表明:复合菌剂及菌剂加倍处理对化感物质的降解率分别达66.7%和89.4%;菌剂的施入对花生网斑病、焦斑病和褐斑病有明显的抑制作用,特别是菌剂加倍对网斑病抑制效果2年分别能达到56.1%和72.1%;花生生育期内,微生物生物量碳氮总体呈先增加后减少趋势,菌剂处理比空白分别能提高6.2%~34.5%和4.9%~31.1%;复合菌剂处理能明显提高土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性;花生产量2年皆以菌剂加倍最高,分别为3734.2 kg hm^(-2)和3708.6 kg hm^(-2),复合菌剂在花生整个生育期稳定性良好。

The field experiment was conducted in continuous cropping soil in order to improve the degradation rate of bacteria to allelochemicals and the effect of antagonistic bacteria on plant pathogenic bacteria. Compound bacterium agents that contained 3 ×10^10cfu ml^（-1）effective number of living bacterium and 1.12 × 10^8 cfu ml^（-1）bio-control bacteria were used in this experiment to studytheirinfluence on the disease of peanut, characteristics of bacteria degradation and soil microbial activity and so on. The results showed that the degradation rate of allelochemicals was66.7% and 89.4% for compound bacterial agent and double bacterial agent treatment respectively. In addition, the peanut diseases of web blotch, leaf scorch and leaf spot were significantly inhibited by compound bacteria agents. The inhabitation of peanut web blotch disease was 56.1% and 72.1% for double bacterial agent treatment in the first and second years respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased and then decreased during the growing period of peanut, and increased by 6.2%- 34.5% and 4.9%- 31.1% during the growing period of peanut, compared to control treatment, respectively. The activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and catalase increased significantly in compound bacterium agent treatments. The yields of peanut were 3734.2 kg hm^2 and 3708.6 kg hm^2 for double bacterial agent treatment in the first and second years respectively. Thissuggestedthat the compound bacterial agents werestable in soil during the peanut stage.