铜矿区土壤重金属污染与耐性植物累积特征

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil and its Accumulation in Tolerant Plants in Copper Mine Tongling Area

在铜陵矿区研究了4种植物:商陆(Phytolacca acinosa),鸭跖草(Commelina communis),菌陈蒿(Artemisia capillaries),农田紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)对重金属的富集特征及土壤重金属污染情况。采用ICP-MS分析了土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的重金属全量及植物对As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的积累情况。并计算了四种植物对重金属的生物转移系数BTC(Biological Transfer Coefficient)。结果表明:铜陵狮子山铜矿废弃地鸭跖草(Commelina communis)、菌陈蒿(Artemisia capillaries)群落的土壤养分状况相对较好,农田紫云英的养分状况次之,杨冲山尾矿库分布商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)的土壤养分状况最差。商陆耐瘠薄土壤、尾矿区与附近农田土壤重金属全量分析表明,杨山冲尾矿库附近农田土壤(种植紫云英)铜、镉、铅、锌总量均超过国家农业用地土壤二级标准,尾矿废弃地分布鸭跖草、茵陈蒿的土壤全铜含量超过国家工业用地土壤二级标准,土壤受Cu污染最严重。菌陈蒿、鸭趾草对高含量的土壤铜表现出很好的耐性。鸭跖草对砷和铅的转移系数大于1,茵陈蒿对镉与锌的转移系数大于1。鸭跖草、茵陈蒿、商陆都可以作为矿区生态恢复的先锋植物。

Four main dominant plants（Phytolacca acinosa, Commelina communis, Artemisia capillaries, Astragalus sinicus）were investigated in copper mine in Tongling, Anhui Province. This study investigated the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in the four plants and pollutions of heavy metals in soil. ICP-MS method was used to analysis the content of total As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in soil and plants. And the biological transfer coefficient（BTC）of these plants to heavy metals was calculated. The results showed that soil nutrients were at relatively good status in the Commelina and Artemisia capillaries communities, followed in the Astragalus sinicus community in the copper mining wasteland of Shizishan Mountain, Tongling, and the worst in phytolacca community in Yangchongshan Mountian tongling. The average contents of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil of the mining area exceeded the second level of nationwide farmland soil, and the total content of copper in soil where grew Commelina communis and Artemisia capillaries exceeded the second level of nationwide industrial land, which indicates that soil in the area of the copper mine tailing was seriously polluted by copper. The Commelina communis and Artemisia capillaries showed the high level of tolerance to copper in soil. BTC of As and Pb was greater than 1 by Commelina communis. Also BTC of Cd and Zn was greater than 1 by Artemisia capillaries. Commelina communis, Artemisia capillaries and Phytolacca acinosa could be used as pioneer plants for phytoremediation in mine tongling area.