栗头鹟莺繁殖生态的初步观察

Notes on the Breeding Ecology of the Chestnut-crowned Warbler(Seicercus castaniceps)

鹟莺属（Seicercus）鸟类的繁殖资料十分缺乏。2015年4～8月,采用录像全程监控的方法,在贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区,对4巢栗头鹟莺（S.castaniceps）的繁殖过程进行了完整观察。栗头鹟莺的繁殖期主要集中在5～7月,巢址选择专一性较强,均筑巢于公路边的土坎内壁,距路（1.3±1.2）m,巢为球状侧开口,巢材主要为新鲜苔藓及细草根,巢高（2.2±0.6）m,巢宽（10.9±1.5）cm,杯宽（3.3±0.5）cm,巢深（9.5±1.9）cm,杯深（5.5±1.0）cm。窝卵数（4.5±0.6）枚（4～5枚）,卵重（0.92±0.04）g,卵长（14.30±0.30）mm,卵宽（11.22±0.23）mm,卵体积（0.92±0.05）mm3（n=18）。亲鸟在产满窝卵后开始孵卵,孵卵期12～13 d,在孵卵中期（第5～9天）亲鸟的孵卵时间开始增加,翻卵次数增多,在孵卵后期（第10～13天）亲鸟的孵卵时间和翻卵次数基本保持不变。育雏期13～14 d。雌、雄共同育雏,雏鸟在3日龄时,体重和跗跖开始显著增长,在7日龄时,增长速度变缓。孵化率为88.9%（16/18）,营巢成效为100%,出飞成效为3.3只/巢。

There is little information on the reproductive biology of the Seicercus birds. During April to August 2015, we studied the breeding ecology of the Chestnut-crowned Warbler（S. castaniceps） in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, Southwestern China. The Chestnut-crowned Warbler started to breed from May to July. All four nests found were ball shaped with dome and made of fresh moss and fine roots, which were built on the inner side of soil ridge along the road（Fig. 1 and 2）. As to the measurements of the four nests, the distance to road was 1.3 ± 1.2 m, nest height was 2.2 ± 0.6 m, nest width was 10.9 ± 1.5 cm, cup width was 3.3 ± 0.5 cm, nest depth was 9.5 ± 1.9 cm and cup depth was 5.5 ± 1.0 cm（Table 1）. The clutch size was 4﹣5 eggs, with egg mass of 0.92 ± 0.04 g, egg length and width of 14.30 ± 0.30 mm and 11.22 ± 0.23 mm and egg volume of 0.92 ± 0.05 mm3（Table 2, n = 18）. The incubation and nestling period was 12﹣13 days and 13﹣14 days respectively. In the middle of incubation（5th﹣9th days）, the incubating time and the frequency of egg turning increased, and became stable in the later stage（10th﹣13th days）（Table 3）. Both females and males fed nestlings. The growth rate of weight and tarsus of nestlings started to increase significantly when 3 days old, and slowed down after 7 days old（n = 10）（Fig. 3）. For these four nests, nesting success was up to 100% and hatching success was 88.9%（16 out of 18 eggs）, with fledging success being 3.3 neslings per nest.