江苏省扬州市实施预防接种证查验关口前移新方案的探索和效果评价

Implementation and Evaluation of a New Method for Immunization Certificate Inspection in Yangzhou City of Jingsu Province

目的探索扬州市预防接种证查验关口前移新方案,并评价实施效果。方法扬州市2014年5月设计并实施预防接种证查验新方案,关键点是将招生单位收取预防接种证改为收取预防接种单位出具的预防接种证明,使预防接种证查验关口前移,及时发现漏种儿童并补种相关疫苗;评价新方案实施前后适龄儿童免疫规划(NIP)疫苗的接种率。结果新方案实施前后2013、2014、2015年扬州适龄儿童3剂次乙型肝炎疫苗(Hep B3)接种率分别为99.2%、99.2%、99.8%;3剂次脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV3)接种率分别为99.3%、98.1%、99.9%;3剂次百白破联合疫苗(DTP3)接种率分别为98.8%、97.5%、99.8%;麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MR)接种率分别为98.8%、98.6%、99.6%;麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(MMR)接种率分别为98.1%、98.0%、99.7%;第1剂次A群C群脑膜炎球菌疫苗(MenAC1)接种率分别为91.2%、91.0%、99.8%;MenAC2接种率分别为54.4%、59.0%、95.3%;白喉破伤风联合疫苗(DT)接种率分别为56.1%、84.0%、97.0%。经x^2检验,各疫苗接种率在2013、2014和2015年之间均具有显著性差异。结论预防接种证查验新方案有效提高了扬州市NIP疫苗接种率,可供其他地区借鉴。

Objective To explore a new method for immunization certificate inspection in Yangzhou city and to evaluate the implementation effect.Methods In May 2014,we designed and implemented a new method for immunization certificate inspection.The key method was that children should provide their immunization certificates as accredited by current immunization units instead of their old immunization units when they were admitted to primary school or kindergarten,in order to identify children who missed immunization and to revaccinate them.Immunization coverage of vaccines in the National Immunization Program（ NIP） were evaluated before and after implementation of the new method.Results In 2013,2014 and2015 before and after implementation of the new method,coverage rates for 3-doses of hepatitis B vaccine（ HepB_3） among children in Yanzhou were 99.2%,99.2% and 99.8%,respectively;99.3%,98.1%and 99.9% for 3-doses of oral polio vaccine（ OPV_3）;98.8%,97.5% and 99.8% for 3-doses of diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine（ DTP_3）;98.8%,98.6% and 99.6% for measles and rubella combined vaccine（ MR）;98.1%,98.0% and 99.7% for measles,rubella and mumps combined vaccine（ MMR）;91.2%,91.0% and 99.8% for 1-dose of Group A and C meningococcal vaccine（ MenAC_1）;54.4%,59.0% and 95.3% for MenAC2;and 56.1%,84.0% and 97.0% for diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine（ DT）.There were significant differences among coverages in 2013,2014 and 2015 for each vaccine.Conclusions The new immunization certificate inspection improved coverage of NIP vaccines in Yangzhou,and can be recommended for use in other areas.