海南归化植物长春花资源调查研究

Investigation and Assessment on Naturalized Plant Resources of Catharanthus roseus in Hainan

在路线踏查的基础上,以长春花资源较丰富的沿海地区为典型调查区域,进一步进行样方调查,对海南归化植物长春花的资源蕴藏量、生长状况和群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,长春花广泛分布于海南沿海各市、县的荒坡及防风林下,适生海拔为0-56 m。样方蕴藏量以文昌湖心村的最高,儋州下浦村的最低。长春花种质资源表型多样性丰富,表型性状变异程度高,变异系数变幅39.97%-93.35%;植株性状Shannon-Weaver多样性指数变幅1.738-2.050。多重比较表明琼海、文昌长春花资源的所有测定指标均无显著差异。但是,除主根长外,这两地的长春花资源的其他指标均显著高于澄迈、临高地区的,且多项指标显著高于儋州地区的。各地样方中多以长春花为优势种,各地的伴生物种虽有差别但并无明显规律。

Growth state and distribution of the naturalized plant Catharanthus roseus in Hainan were analyzed through line investigation and quadrat investigation in the typical region. The results indicated that, C. roseus were widely distributed in the slope wasteland and windbreak of coastal cities in Hainan, with an elevation from 0 to56 m. Reserve of sample quadrate of Huxin village, Wenchang was the richest, while that of Xiapu village,Danzhou was the poorest. Phenotypic diversity was abundant in C. roseus. The higher variation of phenotypes was detected among accessions in phenotypic traits. The coefficient of variation ranged from 39.97% to 93.35%, with the largest for flower number, smallest for plant height. The Shannon diversity indices ranged from 1.738 to 2.050,with the largest for numbers of lateral roots, smallest for flower number. The results of multiple comparisons indicated that resources of C. roseus in Qionghai and Wenchang were not significantly different among all determined biological characters. However, C. roseus resources of Qionghai and Wenchang were significantly higher than those of Chengmai and Lingao in all determined biological characters except for root length, and than that of Danzhou in most characters. C. roseus was the dominant species in most quadrats, the companion species were different in all studied areas but with no obvious composite rules.