派生性环境权宪法渊源的比较研究——兼论中国环境权宪法化的路径选择

A Comparative Study on the Constitutional Sources of the Derivative Environmental Rights -On the Path Choice of China＇ s Constitutional Environmental Rights

20世纪70年代以来环境权入宪成为当代宪法发展的一般规律和趋势。除了在宪法中明文规定一个独立的环境权条款之外，环境权的实质内容也有可能涵摄于宪法的其他条款之中，这种派生性环境权的宪法渊源包括生命权、健康权、人性尊严和环境政策等宪法条款。但是，派生性环境权面临环境权保护的“碎片化”和不周延性、宪法解释的不稳定性两大固有的局限性。通过宪法解释可以从我国《宪法》第9条、第26条、第33条和第38条引申出环境权，但鉴于派生性环境权固有的局限性和我国的现实，以宪法修正案形式确认一个独立的环境权乃是我国环境权宪法化的最佳选择。

Since the 1970s, environmental rights have been recognized, which become the general patterns and trends in the development of modern constitution. In addition to an independent Constitutional environmental rights provision, the substance of environmental rights may also been embodied among other provisions of the constitution. The constitutional origins of derivative environmental rights include the right to life, health, human dignity and environmental policies. However, the derivative environmental rights face two inherent limitations which include fragmentation of protection of the environmental rights and instability of constitutional interpretation. Via constitutional interpretation environmental rights can be extended from Article 9 ,Article 26 ,Article 33 and Article 38 of Chinese Constitution. Given inherent limitations of the derivative environmental rights, it＇ s the best choice for China to confirm independent environmental rights in the form of an amendment to the Constitution.