河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘水质现状分析与评价

Assessments of water quality of aquaculture ponds in Wantan town of Zhongmu county,Henan province

为摸清河南中牟县万滩镇地区养殖水体区域性问题,降低养殖风险,于2014年3—11月对实验池塘18项水质指标进行跟踪,并利用变异系数法进行分析、评价,从而为池塘水质评价和水质过程管理提供科学量化的依据。结果表明,亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、透明度、活性磷、浊度、溶氧、氧化还原电位等8项指标权重之和达到了80%,综合考虑监测指标间的关联关系和实际情况,最终确定以亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、透明度、活性磷、溶氧、温度、p H等8项指标为池塘日常管理监控因子。该地区主要指标变化范围为：氨氮0~1.0 mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮0~0.5 mg/L,硝酸盐氮0~3.5 mg/L,透明度10~40cm,活性磷0.1~0.8 mg/L,溶解氧3~9mg/L,水温16.9~29.2℃和p H7.22~8.85。该地区池塘在养殖前期出现高p H的现象,是各项因素叠加的综合结果;养殖中后期应重点关注水体的脱氮处理,预防长期高浓度氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等毒性指标累积带来的风险。本研究为开展针对性的池塘水质调节和养殖过程管理提供参考依据。

To obtain the levels of water quality and reduce risks of aquaculture ponds in Wantan town,Zhongmu county in Henan province,18 water quality indicators of 10 experimental ponds were tracked from March to Novemberin2014,and analyzed the databy coefficient of variation method. The results showed that 8 water quality indicators,i. e.nitrite nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,transparency,reactive phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,p H and ORP,could be daily monitoring factors due to their sum of index weights reached to 80%. Their average range here were 0 - 1. 0 mg / L,0 - 0. 5 mg / L,0 - 3. 5 mg / L,0. 1 - 0. 8 mg / L,3. 0 - 9. 0 mg / L,16. 9 - 29. 2℃,10 - 40 cm and 7. 22 - 8. 85 for ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,reactive phosphorus,DO,temperature,transparency and p H,respectively. In addition,the high p H in the earlier stage of aquaculture was caused by the superposition of various water factors. The denitrification should be paid attentions in the later stage of aquaculture in order to avoid the risk of poisons accumulation（ eg. ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen）. This study provide references for water quality regulation and management in ponds aquaculture process.