摘要
【目的】以葡萄果树为研究对象,研究了不同剂量Hg胁迫下施用羊粪有机肥对不同生长期葡萄植株各部位Hg富集的影响,为利用有机肥控制葡萄Hg污染提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,每个盆钵装过5 mm筛的风干土15 kg,土壤汞含量设置0、1.5、25 mg/kg 3个处理水平,以HgCl_2固体粉末形式施入土壤,每个水平分别设置施用有机肥和不施用有机肥两种情况。供试有机肥为羊粪,并按12.5%施入土壤,混匀后放置平衡15 d,于4月8日定植葡萄苗,每盆移栽健壮无病、生长状况基本一致的植株1株,每个处理重复6次。【结果】不管施用有机肥与否,葡萄花瓣、果实、枝条和叶片中的汞含量均随土壤Hg含量的增加而明显增加,而葡萄不同部位中Hg的富集系数却呈现出显著降低的趋势,且在各部位的大小顺序为叶片>花>枝条>果实。葡萄叶片和枝条Hg含量及其富集系数基本上表现出了幼果期最高,成熟期最低的生长期富集特征。与未施有机肥处理相比,低Hg处理施用有机肥后使开花期葡萄枝条汞含量降低了69.16%;高Hg处理施肥后使开花期、幼果期和成熟期葡萄枝条汞含量分别降低了50.52%、58.33%和48.35%,并使三个时期叶片汞含量的降低幅度比低Hg处理分别高出了26%、29.70%和37%。在土壤Hg污染下,施用有机肥的葡萄各器官汞含量均低于未施肥处理,且高Hg处理下的Hg含量降低幅度大多高于低Hg处理。不管低Hg或高Hg处理,施肥使叶片汞含量在幼果期和成熟期降低均最突出,而低Hg处理施肥使枝条汞含量在开花期降幅最高,高Hg处理在幼果期降幅最高。【结论】施用有机肥后,葡萄花、叶片、枝条和果实受Hg污染胁迫的影响明显减轻,尤其土壤Hg含量越高,有机肥的这种抑制作用越明显。
【Objectives】The paper is to study the effects of applying different amounts of sheep manure on Hg accumulation in different parts of grape vines during different growing periods at different Hg addition rates in soil.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in the lab by using pots. Each pot contains 15 kg dry soil( 5 mm).Three different concentrations of Hg(0,1. 5,25 mg / kg) were added in the form of HgCl_2 solid powder into the soil. Each level of Hg treatment was compared between application of 12. 5%(12. 5% sheep manure vs 87. 5%soil) of sheep manure and no sheep manure. At 15 days after mixing,a disease-free and strong grape plant was planted in each pot on April 8,2015. Each treatment repeated 6 times.【Results】The results showed that mercury contents in grape fruits,flowers,vines and leaves were significantly increased with the increase of soil Hg contents for all the treatments. However,the Hg accumulation rates vary dramatically in different parts of grape plants in the following order: leaves flowers vines fruits. Mercury contents and their accumulation rates in vines and leaves were the highest during early fruit stage and the lowest during late fruit stage with or without sheep manureapplications. The mercury concentrations in flowers,leaves,vines and fruits with sheep manure in the soil were lower than those without the sheep manure and the decreasing rates of Hg concentrations in the grape plants at the higher addition of Hg in soils are greater than those at the lower addition of Hg in the soils. Comparing to the treatments with no sheep manure,the Hg concentrations in the grape leaves with sheep mature treatments were decreased by 26%,29. 7% and 37%,respectively,during flowering,early fruit growth and late fruit growth periods. The decrease of Hg contents in the vines during flowering stage was greater than other growth stages with sheep manure application at low Hg stress and the Hg content was reduced by 69. 16% comparing to no manure treatment. However,Hg content in the vines was reduced by 50. 52%,58. 33% and 48. 35%,respectively,during flowering period,early fruit growth and late fruit growth periods with organic fertilization comparing with no fertilization. Applying sheep manure in soils can reduce Hg accumulation in different parts of the grape plants significantly,especially under high Hg stress in soils. 【Conclusions】Application of organic fertilizer in soils that are contaminated with Hg significantly reduces the Hg content in different parts of grape vine.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期1010-1015,共6页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B02)
河北省教育厅项目(ZD20131013
ZH2012034)资助
关键词
葡萄
生长期
HG
有机肥
富集
grape vine
growth stage
Hg enrichment
organic fertilizer