新疆麦后复播大豆适宜滴灌量研究

Suitable drip irrigation amount for summer soybean sown after wheat in Xinjiang

【目的】随着北疆地区麦-豆两熟种植面积的不断扩大,麦后复播大豆加剧了与春播作物的用水矛盾,因此,为缓解农业用水压力,本研究通过设定不同滴灌量,从中筛选出适宜复播大豆种植的灌水量,为复播大豆节水、优质高产栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】在大田滴灌条件下,以‘黑河43'为试验材料,采取单因素随机区组试验设计,通过设置3000、3600、4200、4800 m^3/hm^2四个灌溉量处理,研究滴灌量对复播大豆干物质积累、分配及植株中养分吸收特征的影响。【结果】复播大豆干物质、植株中N、P_2O_5及K_2O的积累均符合Logictic生长函数模型。复播大豆单株干物质重随着滴灌量的增加呈"先增后降"的变化趋势,以灌水量4200 m^3/hm^2处理最高;各处理干物质最大积累速率均在出苗后49.5 53.0 d,快速积累期为30.3 31.9 d,最大积累速率平均为0.48 g/(plant·d)。不同滴灌量处理大豆植株中N、P_2O_5和K_2O含量随着滴灌量的增加亦呈"先增后降"的变化趋势,最大吸收速率分别出现在苗后47.1 49.9 d、44.8 45.1 d和44.6 46.1 d,快速积累期分别为31.7 36.4 d、22.2 22.4 d和28.7 31.46 d,最大积累速率平均分别为26.35、8.15和9.30 mg/(plant·d)。滴灌量和产量之间的关系呈开口向下的抛物线,以4200 m^3/hm^2(W3处理)最高,为3741.23 kg/hm2,分别较3000、3600和4800 m^3/hm^2三个处理增产30.42%、13.98%和8.44%。子粒中蛋白质和脂肪含量呈负相关关系,蛋白质和脂肪总量以4200 m^3/hm^2处理最高,为53.03%。【结论】适当增加灌水量,不仅能够促进复播大豆植株养分的吸收、积累,增加干物质积累量,同时还提高了子粒中蛋白质和脂肪的总含量。但灌水量过多或过少,均不利于复播大豆干物质积累及养分的吸收利用,导致产量降低。因此,推荐灌水量为4200 m^3/hm^2作为北疆复播大豆高产、节水的合理灌溉定额。

【Objectives】In order to ease pressure on agricultural water usage caused by the enlargement of winter wheat- summer soybean cropping system in northern Xinjiang,which exacerbated the contradiction between summer soybean and spring crop,this experiment was carried out to find out an appropriate amount of drip irrigation and provide a theoretical basis with water saving,and high yield and quality cultivation techniques for summer soybean.【Methods】The field experiment was conducted in summer soybean（ Cultivar Heihe 43） field with 4 drip irrigations： 3000,3600,4200 and 4800 m-3/hm-2 by using the randomized block experimental design,and the dry matter accumulation,distribution and nutrient absorption were observed. 【Results】The results showed that the accumulation amounts of dry matter,N,P_2O_5 and K_2O in plants of summer soybean were fitted in the Logistic equations. The accumulation amounts of dry matter per plant of summer soybean were increased first and then decreased with the increasing of drip irrigation amounts,and the same as N,P_2O_5 and K_2O contents of summersoybean. The fastest accumulation rate of total dry matter of summer soybean was found from 49. 5 to 53. 0 d after the emergence with the maximum average accumulation rate of 0. 48 g /（ plant·d）,and the rapid growth period of total dry matter accumulation was from 30. 3 to 31. 9 d. The fast accumulation rates of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O were from47. 1 to 49. 9 d,from 44. 8 to 45. 1 d and from 44. 6 to 46. 1 d after the emergence,the rapid accumulation periods were from 31. 7 to 36. 4 d,from 22. 2 to 22. 4 d and from 28. 7 to 31. 46 d,respectively,and the average absorption rates were 26. 35,8. 15 and 9. 30 mg /（ plant·d）. The relationship between the yield and drip irrigation amount at the heading stage could be fitted with a quadratic curve,and the highest yield of 3741. 23 kg / hm2 was in 4200m-3/hm-2 treatment,which was 30. 42%,13. 98% and 8. 44% higher than treatments of 3000,3600 and 4800m-3/hm-2,respectively. The fat content in seed was negatively correlated with protein content in seed,and the highest total content of protein and fat was in treatment of 4200 m-3/hm-2（53. 03%）.【Conclusions】In the 4200m-3/hm-2 drip irrigation condition,sowing soybean was not only higher in the dry matter accumulation and yield,but also promoted the absorption of soybean plant nutrients and improved the total content of protein and fat in seed,achieving the purpose of high yield and water saving.