清末现代教育行政体制的形成、特点和意义

A developmental study of the modern educational administration by the end of Qing dynasty

清末现代教育行政体制的建立,标志着现代教育行政体制在中国的形成,是中国教育早期现代化第二层面的重要内容,是中国现代教育发生发展的必然环节。它受到当时政体改革、官制改革的直接影响,以专门化、系统化的现代教育行政体制取代了教化型的传统教育行政体制,是一套行政决策与执行、咨议、督导、培训四位一体的体制。它要解决的核心问题是中央与地方教育行政权力的博弈与分配,其精华在于劝学所一级,是现代与传统教育行政智慧的结合,平衡了教育行政权力中的官权与绅权。清末现代教育行政体制的形成过程,也是学堂学生不断得到重视,而科举士子逐渐被边缘化的过程。

Under the influence of political reform,the modern educational administration is formed by the end of Qing dynasty as a milestone of educational system in China.It has replaced the traditional educational system by combining advisory,supervision,training,administrative decision-making and implementation.The key is the distribution of the central and local powers,whose essence is the combination of modern and traditional wisdoms and helps keep the balance of the administrative power between officials and authority.The process is also the process during which students in schools continually gain more attention and scholars are selected through imperial examination that is gradually marginalized.