民国时期乡村初等教育政策的历史演进探析

Historical changes of policies on rural primary education in the Republic of China

民国时期的乡村初等教育政策主要着眼于广大乡村地区教育形式落后、入学比例不高、乡村人口整体文化素质低下等特征,从变革乡村社会的角度出发,广泛借鉴国外普及初等教育制度的经验,先后实施了以新式学校教育取代旧教育形式、推广义务教育制度、实行国民教育制度等为核心内容的乡村教育政策,凸显了教育政策内容内在的逻辑性,也反映了政策本身对于外部条件的应激性和适应性反映,在调整和变化的过程中呈现出阶段性特征。对于乡村初等教育缺少师资的特殊状况,政策也相应地采取了针对性的举措。这些政策的引导和设计,为我国乡村教育从传统向现代化转变起到了承上启下的作用。

In the Republic of China,rural primary education policies mainly cling to the backward education forms in rural areas,low rate of enrollment and literacy of rural population.The reformers aim at learning from foreign experiences in achieving universal primary educational systems in a bid to transform rural communities.New policies are carried out in schools,promoting compulsory education system nationwide.