海洋石油降解微生物及其降解机理

Marine Oil degradation Microorganism and Its degradation Mechanism

微生物修复作为一种新型环保的生物修复技术,已成为海洋石油污染生物修复的核心技术。对海洋石油降解微生物的种类即细菌、蓝藻、真菌以及藻类进行了总结,对微生物对石油烃的降解途径与降解机理进行了综述。微生物降解烷烃的过程包括末端氧化、烷基氢过氧化物以及环己烷降解3种形式。微生物对芳香烃的降解是通过芳香烃被氧化酶氧化导致苯环开环来实现的。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是在单加氧酶或双加氧酶的催化作用下被最终降解为二氧化碳和水而被分解。并对影响石油烃降解微生物的因素包括温度、营养物质等因素进行了分析。

As a new kind of environmental protection technology, microbial remediation has become the core technol- ogy of bioremediation of marine oil pollution. In this paper, the types of marine oil degrading microorganisms, namely bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi and algae, are summarized. Mechanism of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocar- bons is reviewed. Degradation process of microbiolorganisms for alkanes includesterminal oxidation, alkyl hydrogen peroxide and cyclohexane degradation. Microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons are be achieved by aromatic ring opening due to oxidase catalytic action. Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved bythe catalytic action of a single-or double-aerobic enzyme, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are uhimately degraded to carbon dioxide and water at last. The factors that affect the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, including tem- perature, nutrients and other factors, are also analyzed.