按察使与清代社会治安

Surveillance Commissioners and the Societal Order in Qing Dynasty

按察使是清代主管一省司法的官员,维护社会治安是其重要职责之一。清代按察使维护社会治安的举措在不同时期有不同的重点。清末新政中按察使改为提法使,将维护社会治安的职责改归巡警道,提法使成为职责单一的司法行政官员,这是司法现代化的重要表现。

The Surveillance Commissioners superintended a province＇s judicatories in the Qing Dynasty. It was one of their duties to maintain the social order. The measures for Surveillance Commissioners took to maintain societal order in difficult phases with different emphases. The Surveillance Commissioners transformed to the name of the officer of chief justice,their duty of maintaining the societal order delivered to police superintendent. The officer of chief justice was the official whose duty was only in charge of justice administration. This was a significant exhibition of justice modernization.