早产儿支气管肺发育不良的呼吸系统及神经系统远期预后

Long-term outcomes of the respiratory and nervous system after bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infant

支气管肺发育不良是早产儿，尤其是极低出生体重儿和超低出生体重儿较严重的并发症，随着极低出生体重儿及超低出生体重儿存活率的升高，支气管肺发育不良的发生率也随之增高。该病不仅于新生儿期依赖氧气或反复机械通气治疗，于儿童期、甚至成年早期的呼吸系统及神经系统预后，包括呼吸系统症状、再入院率、肺动脉高压、肺功能异常及远期认知、教育和行为障碍等问题均较非支气管肺发育不良的患儿明显增高。

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia （BPD） is a severe complication of preterm birth, especially in those with very low birth weight or extremely low birth weight. The incidence of BPD increased with more survival of very preterm infants. Neonates with BPD are more oxygen-dependent and require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Respiratory and neurological outcomes in the childhood and even early adulthood, including pulmona- ry symptoms, readmittance rate, pulmonary hypertension and dysfunction, will be adversely influenced. Meanwhile, BPD patients will develop more problems in cognition, education and behavior.