长住娘家与不落夫家应为不同的习俗

Two Different Customs:Staying at Home and Not Living with Husbands

在中国汉族社会中,福建省闽南地区惠安县东部沿海地区存在着新妇婚后"长住娘家"到生了头胎子女后才住进夫家的习俗,而广东省珠江三角洲地区过去存在着包括"买门口""守墓清""自梳女"等在内的"不落夫家"的习俗。过去,人们常用"不落夫家"这样的术语来界定与归纳汉族这两个地方的长住娘家和不落夫家习俗。但当今天再仔细对它们进行研究后,我们认为,这两种习俗的具象表现,差异大于类同,而且真正的不落夫家只存在于广东省珠三角地区,而福建惠东的长住娘家因其生了孩子就住进夫家的关系,它只能讲在娘家长住一段时间而并非不落夫家,因而它不能用"不落夫家"来界定与归纳,因此,长住娘家与不落夫家应该是两种不同的习俗或婚俗,不应该将它们混为一谈。

In the community of Han nationality,there is a custom called ＂Staying at Home＂in eastern coastal area in Huian County,Fujian Province,which requires the wife to go back to live with her own family until she gives birth to her first child.Meanwhile,in Pearl River Delta Region in Guangdong,there was a custom called＂Not Living with Husbands＂in the past,which includes＂Mai Men Kou（to pay for entrance into wife＇s house）＂,＂Shou Mu Qing（to clear ancestors＇ tombs）＂and＂Zi Shu Nv（to comb one＇s own hair）＂.Previously,people adopted ＂Not Living with Husbands＂to conclude these two areas＇ customs.However,after a careful analysis,it can be found that these two customs have more differences than similarities.＂Not Living with Husbands＂only existed in Guangdong＇s Pearl River Delta Region while＂Staying at Home＂in Huian shouldn＇t be regarded as a part of＂Not Living with Husbands＂,because the wife only lives with her own family for a certain period of time before giving birth.Therefore,these two customs should be considered as two different things.