聚合物气凝胶研究进展

Advances in Polymer Aerogels

气凝胶是经溶胶-凝胶过程结合一定的干燥方法制备得到的多孔纳米材料。聚合物气凝胶不仅具有聚合物材料的低介电常数、良好力学性能和灵活的分子设计性等特性,同时还具有无机气凝胶材料低密度、高孔隙率和低热导率等特点,被广泛应用于隔热、吸附和储能等领域。从合成、结构、性能和应用等方面介绍了聚氨酯(PU)、聚脲(PUA)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯并噁嗪(PBZ)和间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)类等常见聚合物气凝胶的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向做出了展望。

Aerogels are the nanoporous materials consisting of hierarchical 3D assemblies of nanoparticles, which are derived from sol-gel process combined with drying methods. Recently, polymer aerogels have been consi- dered as a candidate material in various fields such as thermal insulation, adsorption, energy storage due to the unique characteristics, including ultra-low thermal conductivity, ultralight density, high porosity, low dielectric constant, ex- cellent mechanical behavior and flexible molecular designing. This paper gives a comprehensive review about the recent progresses in preparation, structures, properties and applications of some common varieties of polymer aerogels, in- cluding polyurethane （PU）, polyurea （PUA）, polyimide （PI）, polybenzoxazine （PBZ） and syndiotactic polystyrene （sPS） aerogels, as well as a brief prospect over the future research directions of this field.