氮肥与水分互作对黑龙江半干旱区玉米氮积累和产量的影响

Effect of interaction between nitrogen and water on maize nitrogen accumulation and yield in semi-arid region of Heilongjiang Province

采用水、氮两因素四水平试验设计方法,研究了不同水氮组合对黑龙江半干旱区覆膜玉米氮积累和产量的影响。结果表明:在灌浆期、成熟期玉米叶片、茎秆、籽粒氮积累量和产量W1N3处理(灌水量384.62m^3·hm^(-2)、施氮量180 kg·hm^(-2))最高;随着施氮量的增加,玉米叶片、茎秆、籽粒氮积累量和产量增加,随着灌水量的增加,玉米叶片、茎秆、籽粒氮积累量和产量呈现降低趋势。从玉米灌浆期、成熟期各项指标来看,W1N3处理表现最好,产量高达17 633.46 kg·hm^(-2);从经济效益来看,W1N1处理(灌水量384.62 m^3·hm^(-2)、施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2))产量为17 498.82 kg·hm^(-2),经济效益最高,该处理为当地节水节肥最佳水氮组合。

The method of experimental design on water and nitrogen,two factors and four levels was adopted,to investigated the different combinations of water and nitrogen on nitrogen accumulation and yield of plastic mulching maize in semi-arid region of Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulations in maize leaves,stalks and grains and the yield with W1N3 treatment（ 384. 62 m3·hm（-2） of irrigation amount; 180kg·hm（-2） of nitrogen） were the highest during the filling and mature stage. However,with the increase of irrigation water,the nitrogen accumulations in maize leaves,stalks and grains and the yield of maize showed a decreasing trend. The changes of various indexes on maize during the filling and mature stages implied that W1N3 treatment was the best,and that the yield of maize by W1N3 treatment reached up to 17 633. 46 kg·hm（-2）. In addition,W1N1（ 384. 62 m3·hm（-2） of irrigation amount; 120 kg·hm（-2） of nitrogen） treatment,by which the yield of maize was 17 498. 82 kg·hm（-2）,had the best economic benefit and was the best combination of water and nitrogen for water saving and fertilizer conservation in the semi-arid region.