基于Richards模型的全膜双垄沟播与传统栽培模式玉米生长势差异研究

Research on growth variations of maize by whole film double furrow sowing based on Richards model from traditional cultivation mode

应用Richards生长方程,以春玉米为材料,设了3种栽培处理,从动态数学模型的角度,研究大田条件下全膜双垄沟播模式与传统栽培模式玉米的生长势特征差异及对产量的影响。结果表明:3种处理株高、单株叶面积、单株可见叶数生长积累量均呈"慢—快—慢"的S型Richards模型曲线变化;全膜双垄沟播玉米各指标的生长累积Richards曲线和生长速率及速率变化率曲线形态与半膜和露地对照相比有明显差异,其生长起始势(R0)高,生长势指标进入指数和稳定生长阶段早于对照8~20 d;最大生长速率及出现的时间都明显高于和早于露地对照,全膜双垄沟播玉米的株高最大增长速率为6.755 cm·d^(-1),是对照的1.384倍;单株绿叶面积最大增长速率为330.6 cm2·d^(-1)·株^(-1),是对照的1.391倍;单株可见叶数最大增长速率为0.412片·d^(-1)·株^(-1),是对照的1.383倍;全膜双垄沟播玉米增长速率变化幅度大,呈现加速快但减速也快的特点;稳定增长阶段明显增长,为露地对照的1.493~1.618倍。全膜双垄沟播使作物在生长后期将更多的能量分配给了生殖生长,使玉米叶片后期早衰速度减慢,利于玉米抽雄授粉和灌浆,表现较高的穗粒数、粒叶比和百粒重,显著提高产量。

To investigate the differences in growth characteristics and effects on yield of maize in the field between double furrow sowing with film and the traditional cultivation mode,based on Richards model,a study was carried out through dynamic mathematical method using spring maize under three cultivation treatments. The results showed that plant height,leaf area per plant,the number of visible leaf growth accumulation under three treatments showed a slow- fast- slow curve as Richards model pattern. Significant differences were observed on Richards curve of growth and accumulation for each index,growth rate,and speed variation curve between double furrow sowing with film and the semimembranosus and open plots,showing a high initial growth potential of R0. Index of growth reaching to exponential and stable growth stage was 8 20 days earlier than that of the control. The maximum growth rate was obviously higher and the emergence time was earlier than those in the hcontrol. The maximum height growth rate of maize plant by double furrow sowing with whole film was 6. 755 cm·day（-1）,1. 512 times as high as that in the control. The maxium growth rate in green leaf area was 330. 6 cm2·day（-1）·plant（-1）,1. 409 times as high as that in the control. Number of leaves per plant showed maximum growth rate of 0. 412 day ·plant（-1）,1. 383 times as high as that in the control. Double furrow sowing with whole film on maize growth rate changed greatly,showing a characteristic of fast acceleration and fast deceleration. A significant growth was observed during the stable growth period,1. 493 1. 618 times as high as that in the control. The crops at late growth stage allocate energy for reproductive growth,resulting in slow senescence rate of maize leaf. This allows maize pollination and grain filling,showing high grain number per ear,grain leaf ratio and 100 grain weight,which increases maize yield.