Effects of Planting and Irrigation Patterns on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Winter Wheat

种植方式和灌溉对冬小麦耗水特性的影响（英文）

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different planting and irrigation patterns on water consumption characteristics and dry matter produc- tion and allocation of winter wheat. [Method] With high-yield winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as the experimental material, field experiment was conducted during 2008- 2010. A total of 3 planting patterns were designed, uniform row, wide-narrow row and furrow. Under each planting pattern, total four irrigation patterns were designed, no irrigation （Wo）, irrigation at jointing state （Wl）, irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages （W2） and irrigation at jointing, anthesis and milking stages （W3）, and the irri- gation amount per treatment was all 60 mm. [Result] Under the three planting pat- terns, with the increased irrigation amount, the total water consumption of the exper- imental field increased; the proportion of irrigation in the total water consumption in- creased, and that of soil water consumption in the total water consumption de- creased significantly. Compared with W0 treatment, various irrigation treatments sig- nificantly increased the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in wheat plants; with the increased irrigation amount, the grain yield under the three planting patterns all increased, while the water use efficiency （WUE） decreased. Under the same irriga- tion conditions, compared with other two planting patterns, furrow planting increased the total water consumption of the experimental field, increased the proportion of soil water consumption in the total water consumption, and improved the WUE and wheat grain yield. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, considering both wheat grain yield and WUE, furrow planting with moderately deficit irrigation at joint- ing and anthesis stages is more suitable for the winter wheat production in North China Plain.

[目的]研究不同灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦耗水特性及干物质积累与分配规律的影响。[方法]于2008~2010年通过田间试验,以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,设等行距平作、宽窄行平作、沟播3种种植方式,每种种植方式下设不灌水（W0）、拔节水（W1）、拔节水＋开花水（W2）、拔节水＋开花水＋灌浆水（W3）4种灌溉处理（每次灌水量为60 mm）。[结果]随灌水量的增加,3种植方式下农田总耗水量均增加,灌水量占总耗水量的比例也增加,而土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例显著降低;与W0处理相比,各灌水处理显著提高了开花后干物质的积累量;随灌水量的增加,3种植方式下小麦籽粒产量均有所提高,而水分利用效率（WUE）降低。同一灌溉条件下,与其他两种种植方式相比,沟播方式的农田总耗水量多,土壤贮水量消耗比例大,籽粒产量较高并具有较高的WUE。[结论]该试验条件下,综合考虑小麦的籽粒产量和WUE,“沟播结合灌拔节水＋开花水”是华北平原冬麦区较适宜的节水种植方式。