直接苷化法合成烷基糖苷的工艺研究

Study on Synthesis Process of Alkyl Polyglucoside with Direct Glycosidation Method

烷基糖苷作为表面活性剂,其本身无毒,无刺激性,且具有良好的生物降解性,其降解速度不但快快而且完全,是高度满足环保要求的产品.烷基糖苷是糖类化合物和高级醇的缩合反应产物,本文以葡萄糖和十二醇为原料,甲苯磺酸为催化剂采用直接苷化法(一步法)合成出烷基糖苷(APG)类表面活性剂,探讨了催化剂及用量、反应温度、醇/糖配比对苷化反应及产品的影响,确定了较适宜的反应条件.得出较佳工艺条件为:催化剂与葡萄糖质量比为0.035 1,反应温度为12O℃,十二醇与葡萄糖的摩尔比为5 1.在此最佳条件下,得出的APG反应完全、颜色浅.

Alkyl polyglucosides as a surfactant, it is non-toxic, non-irritating, and good biodegradability, its degradation rate is not only quick and complete, but also environmental friendly. Alkyl polyglucosides were directly prepared by condensation of sacchafides with fatty alcohols, Moreover, their surface tensions, free saccharides and free alcohols were determined. The effects of catalyst and their dose, reaction temperature, alcohol/sugar molar ratio on glycosidation reaction and properties of the end products were studied.Conditions of the glycosidation were determ ined.The better technological conditions are obtained as follows ： the catalyst and the glucose mass ratio were 0.035 ： 1, the reaction temperature was 120 ℃, and the molar ratio of twelve alcohol to glucose was 5 ： 1. Under the optimum conditions, the APG reaction is complete and the color is shallow.